perfidy
As perfidy , even perfidy ( lat. Perfidus = disloyal, faithless, wicked) and the derived adjective perfidious , actions are referred to a person or group of persons who intentionally the trust or loyalty to exploit another person or group of persons, for example, in business To gain an advantage in relationships or in military conflicts. The conscious creation of such trust through appropriate measures is often an essential part of a perfidious act. Perfidy thus differs from malicious deception as a form of fraud that is not based on such a special relationship of trust. Likewise, the trust underlying a perfidy must be differentiated from innocence on the part of the victim, which is based solely on the failure to recognize a danger. Although, strictly speaking, perfidy also differs from insidiousness , which, according to widespread opinion, is a conscious exploitation of the innocence and defenselessness of a victim in a hostile direction, both terms are often used synonymously in both legal and general usage. A similar, old German word for perfidy is " wickedness ".
Perfidy as a means of waging war and combat in armed conflicts with the aim of killing, wounding or capturing an opponent is prohibited under the rules of international humanitarian law . Actions with the aim of abusing the opponent's trust that he is entitled to protection under the rules of international humanitarian law or is obliged to grant such protection are considered perfidy. For instance, the showing of the truce with an immediately following an attack on the acting according to the rules of the international law of war opponents a perfidious act. The same applies to attacks from buildings out by protection characters as by the Geneva Conventions defined Red Cross blue- or White shield of the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict are marked. Perfidy, however, is to be distinguished from lists of war, which merely serve to mislead the opponent and do not constitute a violation of the international law of war. Examples of warlists are camouflage, mock operations or the dissemination of misleading information about troop strengths, troop locations or troop movements.
Serious violations of the prohibition of perfidy are recorded in international criminal law as the war crime of “ murderous or murderous acts of violence ”.
literature
- David Rohde : insidiousness and betrayal. In: Roy Gutman, David Rieff: War Crimes. What everyone should know Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart and Munich 1999, ISBN 3-421-05343-X . Pp. 174-176
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Article 8 paragraph 2 b) xi) (in international conflicts) or Article 8 paragraph 2 e) ix) (in non-international conflicts) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court ; in Germany Section 11 (1) No. 7 of the International Criminal Code .
