St. Jacobi Church (Berlin)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
St. Jacobi Church

The St. Jacobi Church of the parish of Berlin Stadtmitte is a Protestant church built in 1844/1845 in the style of an early Christian basilica in the Berlin district of Kreuzberg at Oranienstraße 132-134.

Surname

In old plans, the church building is identified with the New Louisenstadtkirche . King Friedrich Wilhelm IV. As patron gave the church its name, based on the Jakobs-Hospital, a nursing home of the Petri community on Alte Jakobstrasse , the oldest street in the new community area. It is not clear whether James the Elder or James the Younger is meant.

history

St. Jabobi Church and Rectory;
Drawing by Therese Brandin
Ordination by Bishop Neander , 1857
St. Jacobi Church, 19th century

In the 1840s, Oranienstrasse led through a suburban district that was just being built, Luisenstadt . In 1843 the St. Jacobi parish was separated from the Luisenstadt parish; it was the first division within Berlin that was only enforced after protracted struggle and resistance. However, the further expansion of the municipality and the steadily increasing population made this necessary.

In 1843 was under the auspices pastor Bachmann's who of the city Luis community in the St. Jacobi parish , founded the church building association changed. The Waldeckplatz, a churchyard of the St. Petri congregation that was already closed at that time, was planned as the construction site. However, the Petri congregation did not make this area available. With funds from King Friedrich Wilhelm IV, the building association acquired a church property that was then in the open for 26,000  Reichstaler . On July 2, 1844 the foundation stone was laid in the presence of the king, city and state officials. On November 23, 1844, the topping-out ceremony for the church shell (excluding the tower and atrium) took place. Bishop Daniel Amadeus Neander , old Prussian general superintendent of the Kurmark and provost to St. Petri , consecrated the church on October 5, 1845. The patron King Friedrich Wilhelm IV., His wife and other dignitaries traveled by special train from Potsdam . Also present were deputations from the magistrate and city councilors.

Architectural style

The St. Jacobi Church is an example of the consistent application of the early Christian basilicas . The design for this early Christian Byzantine - that is Italian - early Romanesque - basilica comes from the head of the Prussian Oberbaudeputation, Friedrich August Stüler , the successor to Karl Friedrich Schinkel and Jürgen Emmerich. Gustav Holtzmann was entrusted with the construction.

The result was a complex with a three-aisled basilica and a campanile on the northwest corner , with an atrium and connecting arcades and symmetrical ancillary structures on the street side, which were built in 1859 (rectory) and 1865/1866 (preacher's house).

Interior

Originally, the main nave was supported by rows of columns in two storeys one above the other, Corinthian and Doric columns above and below the galleries , which filled the entire depth of the aisles . Two rows of Bible verses were adorned along the inside walls of the entire church. A blue-ground starry sky adorned the apse . The interior was renovated in 1882 and redesigned in 1906. The stalls, previously longitudinal, have been reoriented towards the new location of the pulpit.

Statue of the church patron

The apse, in which the altar and a round-arched framed oil painting were, was covered with a brightly painted vault with a surrounding, strongly colored mosaic, which showed the blessing Jesus in the middle of the apostles Peter , Paul , John and James .

The sandstone sculpture set up in the atrium , a work by the Berlin sculptor Emil Hopfgarten , was a gift from the royal patron for the inauguration in 1845.

The church since the reconstruction in 1957

On February 3, 1945, the church was destroyed in a heavy air raid. Only the houses, the tower and the atrium remained slightly damaged. From 1947 to 1957 the services took place in an emergency church built next to the ruin. In 1953, the reconstruction began with the removal of the damage to the campanile. In April 1957, the exterior of the church, which had been faithfully restored, was consecrated.

The St. Jacobi parish was united with the divided Luisenstadt parish in 1981. In 2013 the parishes of the Melanchthon Church , the Church of St. Simeon and the Jacobikirche merged to form the Evangelical Church Community in Kreuzberg-Mitte .

The interior was greatly simplified by the responsible architect Paul Emmerich and his son Jürgen: The galleries are now completely missing, the arcades have been brought to the aisle height, which merge into pillars with a square floor plan without a capital. In the undestroyed apse the mosaic representation of the blessing Christ has been preserved.

organ

The organ was built in 1959 by E. F. Walcker & Cie. built. The 40  registers of the instrument are distributed over three manuals and pedal . The game contractures of the slider chests are mechanical, the Registertrakturen are electro. The disposition is:

I Rückpositiv C–
1. Dumped 8th'
2. Gemshorn 4 ′
3. Principal 2 ′
4th Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
5. Pointed flute 1'
6th Third cymbal III
7th Krummhorn 8th'
II main work C–
08th. Pommer 16 ′
09. Principal 08th'
10. Reed flute 08th'
11. Gemshorn 08th'
12. Grossnasard 05 1 ⁄ 3  ′
13. octave 04 ′
14th recorder 04 ′
15th Fifth 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
16. Swiss pipe 02 ′
17th Mixture V-VI
18th Trumpet 08th'
III Swell C–
19th Coupling flute 08th'
20th Beat 08th'
21st Principal 04 ′
22nd Night horn 04 ′
23. Hollow fifth 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
24. Bach flute 02 ′
25th third 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
26th Fifth 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
27. Scharff V
28. Dulcian 16 ′
29 Rohrschalmei 08th'
Pedal C–
30th Praestant 16 ′
31. Sub bass 16 ′
32. Octave bass 08th'
33. Gedacktpommer 08th'
34. Pipe whistle 04 ′
35. Capstan flute 02 ′
36. Mixture VI
37. Bombard 32 ′
38. trombone 16 ′
39. Trumpet 08th'
40. Clairon 04 ′

literature

  • Matthias Hoffmann-Tauschwitz: Old Churches in Berlin. 33 visits to the oldest churches in the western part of the city . Wichern-Verlag: Berlin 2nd revised. 1991 edition; ISBN 3-88981-048-9 ; Pp. 274-281.
  • Matthias Hoffmann-Tauschwitz: Paths to Berlin Churches. Suggestions for exploring church sites in the western part of Berlin . Wichern-Verlag: Berlin 1987; ISBN 3-88981-031-4 ; P. 57 f.
  • Günther Kühne / Elisabeth Stephani: Protestant churches in Berlin . CZV-Verlag: Berlin 2nd edition 1986; ISBN 3-7674-0158-4 ; P. 58 f.

Web links

Commons : St. Jacobi Church  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Marina Wesner: Kreuzberg and its churches . Berlin-Story Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 3-929829-75-4 , on www.googlebooks.de; Retrieved April 10, 2016.
  2. ↑ Magistrat von Berlin (ed.): Report on the municipality administration of the city of Berlin … Berlin 1853, p. 47, online in the Google book search
  3. ^ From page 1 of a letter that Therese Brandin wrote to Pastor Heussinger on January 27, 1897.
  4. ↑ Three congregations celebrate their union. In: Der Tagesspiegel , May 21, 2013.

Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 16 ″  N , 13 ° 24 ′ 23 ″  E