Plague vaccine

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A plague vaccine is a vaccine against the bacterium Yersinia pestis , which causes the plague .

properties

Since 1890 were inactivated Yersinia used for vaccination purposes. From 1895 onwards, Yersinia attenuated by Alexandre Émile Jean Yersin were used in animal experiments, and also around 1903–1904 by W. Kolle and R. Otto. However, these were not applied to humans due to fear of plague disease. In 1896, Waldemar Haffkine experimented with Yersinia inactivated at 60 ° C.

The first plague vaccination of humans took place in Manila in 1907. From 1927 was a natural pgm - mutant (vaccine strain EV76 ) of the EV strain used for the vaccine, which was originally in 1926 by Girard and Robic isolated on Madagascar. In 1936, at the Research Institute of Epidemiology and Hygiene NIIEG in Kirov from the EV76 -Impfstamm the EV76 NIIEG developed -Impfstamm and manufactured from 1940 and applied.

A meta-analysis by the Cochrane Collaboration in 2000 came to the conclusion that the quality of the studies on plague vaccines published up to that point did not allow any conclusions to be drawn about their effectiveness.

Another attenuated vaccine strain, CO92 delta yopH, has existed since 2007 .

In addition, passive immunization can be achieved by infusing anti-Yersinia antibodies . Experimental approaches include the closely related bacterium Y. pseudotuberculosis as well as viral vectors (AdV, VacV, VSV), transgenic Salmonella or Lactococcus lactis and subunit vaccines . These use the F1 capsule antigen and the virulence factor LcrV from Y. pestis as antigens .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d W. Sun, KL Roland, R. Curtiss: Developing live vaccines against plague. In: Journal of infection in developing countries. Volume 5, Number 9, September 2011, pp. 614-627, PMID 21918302 , PMC 3932668 (free full text).
  2. ↑ W. Kolle, R. Otto, Investigations on the plague immunity in the journal for hygiene and infectious diseases, vol. 45, nº 1, 1903, pp. 507-544, doi : 10.1007 / BF02217032 .
  3. ^ William Clifford Roberts: Facts and ideas from anywhere; The amish, body weight, and exercise; obesity related costs; neurologist, author, master of Pembroke college of Oxford University, and breaker of the 4-minute mile record, Bannister, Roger, Sir. In: Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings (2004), Volume 17, Issue 3, p. 377. ISSN  0899-8280 .
  4. ^ Baylor University Medical Center: Facts and ideas from anywhere - Black death in golden city. In: Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings (2004), Volume 17, Issue 3, ISSN  0899-8280 .
  5. ↑ G. Girard: Immunity in Plague. Acquisitions supplied by 30 years of work on the "Pasteurella pestis EV" (Girard and Robic) strain. In: Biol Med (Paris) (1963), vol. 52, pp. 631-731.
  6. ↑ RA Saltykova, MM Faĭbich: Experience from a 30-year study of the stability of the properties of the plague vaccine strain EV in the USSR. In: Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. (1975), Vol. 6, pp. 3-8.
  7. ↑ T. Jefferson, V. Demicheli, M. Pratt: Vaccines for preventing plague. In: The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. Number 2, 2000, S. CD000976, doi : 10.1002 / 14651858.CD000976 , PMID 10796565 .
  8. ^ SS Bubeck, PH Dube: Yersinia pestis CO92 delta yopH is a potent live, attenuated plague vaccine. In: Clinical and vaccine immunology: CVI. Volume 14, Number 9, September 2007, pp. 1235-1238, doi : 10.1128 / CVI.00137-07 , PMID 17652523 , PMC 2043315 (free full text).
  9. ↑ LE Quenee, O. Schneewind: Plague vaccines and the molecular basis of immunity against Yersinia pestis. In: Human vaccines. Volume 5, Number 12, December 2009, pp. 817-823, PMID 19786842 .