Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate

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Structural formula of PIP 2 , R stands for the fatty acid residues capryl , oleyl , palmityl , arachidonyl or stearyl .

The phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphates (abbr. PIP 2 ) are a group of phospholipids that occur almost exclusively in the side of the cell membrane facing the cell interior .

They play an important role in the transmission of extracellular signals in the cell and control endocytosis . By activating certain receptors located in the cell membrane, the enzyme phospholipase C is activated . Phospholipase C splits PIP 2 by hydrolysis into diacylglycerols (DAG) and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 ), while phospholipase A produces lysophosphatidylinositol . All three products of this split can contribute as so-called second messengers to the transmission of the signal in the cell.

Phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3K), on the other hand, convert PIP 2 into phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP 3 ). The reverse reaction from PIP 3 to PIP 2 is carried out by the phosphatase PTEN .

Web links

Wikibooks: Inositol Phosphate Metabolism  - Learning and Teaching Materials

Individual evidence

  1. GR Hammond: Does PtdIns (4,5) P2 concentrate so it can multi-task? In: Biochemical Society transactions. Volume 44, Number 1, February 2016, pp. 228-233, doi : 10.1042 / BST20150211 , PMID 26862209 .
  2. York Posor, Marielle Eichhorn-Gruenig: Spatiotemporal control of endocytosis by phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate. In: Nature. 499, 2013, pp. 233-237, doi : 10.1038 / nature12360 .