Praetorius goat
The Praetorius-Bock or Großer Bock is a bagpipe with large cattle horns at the pipe ends, which is described in the Syntagma musicum by Michael Praetorius , 1619.
There is an illustration in the supplementary Theatrum Instrumentorum seu Sciagraphia from 1620, which was designed as an appendix to the aforementioned work. As with most of the other bagpipes mentioned by Praetorius, no original instrument has survived here either. While the instrument was simply called Bock at Praetorius , the terms Praetorius-Bock or Großer Bock are used today to distinguish it from the Central Eastern European bagpipes called Bock . Numerous illustrations in the 16th and 17th centuries with different bagpipes that have horn-shaped extensions on the drone and / or chanter, and written sources show that the designation buck was obviously used for instruments of different looks. Praetorius specifies the range of the chanter from the leading note B through the small octave up to the c '. The drone whistle was either in C, an octave below the chanter, or a fourth lower in G, then the instrument was called the Big Bock .
The cylindrically drilled chanter is built today either with a baroque recorder fingering or with an open or closed fingering. With modern instruments, the range of the chanter is sometimes expanded by up to two whole tones by two keys. Both single reeds and double reeds are possible as tone generators - Praetorius does not provide any information on this. John Henry van der Meer places the Praetorius buck in the category of instruments with simple reeds. Today's instruments are also available with a double reed in the chanter.
Today's instruments often use a drone consisting of several sections, which can be tuned to several tones by removing individual sections and, if necessary, using a replacement reed.
For the interaction with other woodwind instruments such as recorders or crumhorns today instruments are built, with a Spielpeife in alto range with a range (tones with flaps in brackets) of f⁰ g⁰ - G¹ (- hr-) or tenor with a range (tones with flaps in brackets) from c⁰ d⁰ - d¹ (- f♯¹) are equipped. The drone of these instruments can be tuned to at least the notes C or D and, with an exchange reed, to the notes F or G.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Michael Praetorius : Syntagma musicum Volume II De Organographia. Wolfenbüttel 1619, p. 42 Facsimile reprint in: Wilibald Gurlitt (ed.), Documenta Musicologica XIV, Bärenreiter Kassel / Basel / London / New York / Prague, 7th edition 1996, ISBN 3-7618-0183-1
- ↑ Michael Praetorius : Theatrum Instrumentorum Seu Sciagraphia. Wolfenbüttel 1620, panel XI facsimile reprint in: Wilibald Gurlitt (ed.), Documenta Musicologica XIV, Bärenreiter Kassel / Basel / London / New York / Prague, 7th edition 1996, ISBN 3-7618-0183-1
- ↑ Ernst Eugen Schmidt: "His Polish Duday dises war ..." in: Bayerischer Verband für Heimatpflege eV (Hg.): The bagpipes in Europe with special attention to Bavaria's book accompanying the exhibition of the same name, Munich 1996, p. 35 ISBN 3-931754 -02-2
- ^ Michael Praetorius : Syntagma musicum Volume II De Organographia. Wolfenbüttel 1619, p. 25 Facsimile reprint in: Wilibald Gurlitt (ed.), Documenta Musicologica XIV, Bärenreiter Kassel / Basel / London / New York / Prague, 7th edition 1996, ISBN 3-7618-0183-1
- ↑ John Henry van der Meer: Bagpipe. in: Friedrich Blume (ed.): The music in past and present - general encyclopedia of music , electronic edition of the first edition (1949-1986) vol. 16, p. 1616, Directmedia Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-89853-460- X