Pseudogonalos hahnii
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Pseudogonalos hahnii |
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| ( Spinola , 1840) |
Pseudogonalos hahnii is a parasitic hymenoptera from the Trigonalidae family.
features
The animals are about 6mm-13mm tall. In Germany they are on average a little over 9mm. In other areas, the average size is probably a bit higher. Males and females are about the same size. The animals are predominantly colored black. Occasionally there are animals with lightening on the front legs, mandibles or the rear edges of the tergites. Their antennae have 24–26 flagella limbs. They have a dark spot on the back of the wing.
Similar species
There are no other trigonalids in Europe, here they most closely resemble wasps, digger wasps or parasitic wasps. Pseudogonalos harmandi was found in India but could not be rediscovered. The similar species Pseudogonalos angusta has been described in China . In Japan there are similar species from the genus Teranishia
Occurrence
Pseudogonalos hahnii is widespread in the Palearctic. They occur from Europe via Siberia to China. At least in Europe, people like to live in river valleys. The animals are mostly found on the leaves of bushes and herbs. Hedges, bushes, tall herbaceous meadows, forest clearings and the like are suitable habitats. The animals were z. B. often found on blackberry leaves.
Way of life
The animals are super parasites on parasitic wasps in butterflies. In Central Europe larvae of Anomaloninae or Ophioninae in owl butterflies or spider caterpillars are particularly often infested. Your flight time is from June to August with a focus on July. The females lay their eggs on leaves of forage plants of butterfly caterpillars. The females run to the edge of the leaf, bend their abdomen around the leaf edge and lay the eggs on the underside of the leaf. A female probably lays several thousand eggs. The eggs must now be eaten by a caterpillar. If the egg is eaten by a caterpillar, it can hatch if the egg shell has been damaged by the caterpillar's mandible. After hatching, the larva bores from the intestine of the caterpillar into its body. Here she is now looking for parasitic wasp larvae. If it finds a parasitic wasp larva, it bores into it, otherwise it perishes. In the parasitic wasp larva, the larva of Pseudogonalis hahnii initially develops without damaging it too much. Only when the parasitic wasp pupates does Pseudogonalis hahnii emerge from its host and then eat it from the outside. It then pupates inside the cocoon of its host.
Taxonomy
There are some synonymous or different spellings. For the genus there are z. B. the quite common synonymous Trigonalis or Trigonalys . The spelling hahnii and hahni are used for the species name . Recent publications prefer Pseudogonalis hahnii . The genus Pseodogonalos was introduced by Schulz in 1906. Other names are hardly used anymore.
List of synonyms after
- Trigonalys hahnii Spinola, 1840
- Pseudogonalos hahni Teranishi 1929
- Pseudogonalos hahnii Marshakov 1981
- Trigonalys anglicana Shuckard, 1841
- Abastus macquartii Guerin-Meneville, 1844
- Trigonalys nigra Westwood, 1843
- Trigonalys aterrima Eversmann, 1849
- Trigonalys europaea Westwood in Schenck 1861
- Trigonalys nigra var.solitaria Jacobs, 1878
- Trigonalys hahni var.phaeognatha Enderlein, 1905
- Trigonalys hahni var. Enslini Torka, 1936
- Trigonalys prudnicensis Torka, 1936
swell
- Dave Carmean, Lynn Kimsey: Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera) Systematic Entomology. (1998) [2]
- Volker Haeseler: Pseudogonalos hahni (Spin.) In Northern Germany (Hym. Trigonalidae). (1976) Faunistic-Ecological Messages Volume 5 pp. 43-46
- Pier Luigi Scaramozzino: Presenza in Piemonte di Pseudogonalos hahnii (Spinola) e note sui Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera, Trigonalyoidea). (1989) Fragm. Entomol., Roma
- Heinz Schnee: Contribution to the knowledge of the biology of Pseudogonalos hahnii (Spinola, 1840) (Hymenoptera, Trigonalidae and Ichneumonidae). (2011) Entomological News and Reports, Volume 55, Issue, ISSN 0232-5535, pp. 27-33
- Hua-yan Chen, Cornelis van Achterberg, Jun-hua He, Zai-fu Xu: A revision of the Chinese Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera, Trigonalyoidea). (2014) doi : 10.3897 / zookeys.385.6560
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hua-yan Chen, Cornelis van Achterberg, Jun-hua He, Zai-fu Xu: A revision of the Chinese Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera, Trigonalyoidea)
- ↑ Dave Carmean: Trigonalyini and unplaced genera (Mimelogonalos and Pseudogonalos) [1]
- ↑ Volker Haeseler: Pseudogonalos hahni (Spin.) In Northern Germany (Hym. Trigonalidae). Faunistic-ecological messages Volume 5 p. 43 (1976)
- ↑ Hua-yan Chen, Cornelis van Achterberg, Jun-hua He, Zai-fu Xu: A revision of the Chinese Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera, Trigonalyoidea)