Pseudohomophonic effect
The Pseudohomophoneffekt states that the pronunciation of non-words by their resemblance to words ( pseudo-homophones is affected) and tends to confirm the acceptance of the dual route model , which proclaimed a lexical and non-lexical route processing, the two routes are not strictly separated.
The experiments examined the lexical decision-making ability . In the experiment, test subjects were asked to decide whether the letter sequences they were shown were real words or pseudo-words. The test subjects generally found it more difficult to recognize pseudo- homophones (i.e. non-existent words that sound similar to a word that can actually be looked up in the dictionary = homophony ) as incorrect words. The subjects were able to sort out nonwords without a homophonic partner with greater success from the list presented.
According to Coltheart, the pseudohomophone effect results in the dual route theory (also: DRM - Dual Route Model ): The mental lexicon contains information on the pronunciation of all words (especially irregular words). While processing written language, the reader has two parallel access options to the Inner Lexicon. On the one hand the direct route, which is based on graphemes , and on the other hand an indirect access, which works phonologically recoding. Coltheart names the non-lexical way as reading via GPC rules (GPC stands for Graphem Phonem Correspondence ). The connection that has the quickest access to the entry in the mental lexicon is preferred. Nonwords and pseudo-words can only be processed via the non-lexical route.
Other authors such as Seidenberg and McClelland, supporters of the connectionist model, question the simultaneity of the two processes and assume that recourse to the level of speech sounds is only activated in cases of doubt, namely when word recognition of the written words fails . The initial analysis of the written language would thus initially proceed without phonological recoding . Besner, on the other hand, criticizes the connectionist model for reading nonwords poorly, so it only explains the lexical route. According to Coaltheart, the model explains how exception words are read, but not the understanding of pseudo words, LEA and reading or spelling weaknesses ( dyslexia ).
The pseudo homophonic effect does not explain the fact that word naming is influenced by the regularity of pronunciation, as demonstrated by the regularity effect. The dual-route cascaded model (DRcM) simulates the effect in the computer model.
See also
literature
- M. Coltheart: Lexical Access in Simple Reading Tasks. In: Geoffrey Underwood (Ed.): Strategies of Information Processing. Academic Press, London 1978, pp. 151-216
- Clemens Knobloch: Language and speaking activity. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1994, ISBN 3-484-22052-X
- H. Rubenstein et al: Evidence for Phonemic Recording in Visual Word Recognition. In: Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 10, 1971, pp. 645-657
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- S. Joubert, AR Lecours: The role of nasals in reading. A normative study in French. In: Brain and Cognition 46, 2001, pp. 175-179
- MH Southwood, A. Chatterjee: The simultaneous activation hypothesis. Explaining recovery from deep to phonological dyslexia. In: Brain and Language 76, 2001, pp. 18-34