Radial glial cell

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Interneuronal radial glial interactions in the developing cerebral cortex

Radial glial cells are precursor cells of neurons and glial cells that can be found in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Most of the neurons in the adult brain are derived directly or indirectly from radial glial cells.

properties

Radial glial cells are characterized by their long radial appendages, which extend from the ventricular zone to the surface of the pia mater . They have an apically basal polarity.

Cell division

Radial glial cells can divide symmetrically and asymmetrically. With a vertical division in which the apical and basal cell components are evenly distributed over the daughter cells, one speaks of a symmetrical-proliferative division. In the case of horizontal division, in which the apical and basal cell components are distributed unevenly among the daughter cells, one speaks of asymmetric neurogenic cell division. Furthermore, vertical divisions can also lead to asymmetrical divisions if the cutting plane does not divide the apical plasma membrane.

"Snare" proteins

"Snare" proteins mediate membrane fusion in cytokinesis. With a symmetrical division, the basal membrane fuses with the apical membrane in the course of the “snare” -mediated membrane fusion. In contrast, in the case of an asymmetrical division, the basal membrane fuses with the basal lateral membrane.

"Interkinetic Nuclear Migration"

A characteristic of radial glial cells is the migration of the cell nucleus during the cell cycle. This process is known as "Interkinetic Nuclear Migration".

Cell cycle length

The development of radial glial cells from proliferative divisions to divisions that give rise to neurons is associated with an increase in the length of the cell cycle of these cells. An increase in the proportion of cells that give rise to neurons correlates with an increase in the average cell cycle length of the radial glial cells. The cell cycle length hypothesis states that time is an important factor in the fate of cells.

function

Radial glial cells act as neural stem cells . Depending on their location and phase of development, neurons and glial cells emerge from them. Furthermore, progenitor cells arise from radial glial cells . The long processes of the radial glial cells serve as a framework for migrating neurons.

development

Radial glial cells arise from neuroepithelial cells.

history

Discovered by Camillo Golgi . In 1889, Wilhelm His described radial glial cells in the developing spinal cord and referred to them as spongioblasts.

Medical aspects

The niches of neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain are relevant for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.

Web links

Commons : Glial cells - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, p. 6
↑ Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, p. 37
↑ Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, p. 8
↑ Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, p. 7f.
↑ Götz M., Huttner WB (2005). The cell biology of neurogenesis. Molecular Cell Biology 6, p. 781
↑ Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, pp. 8-10
↑ Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, p. 10f.
↑ Götz M., Huttner WB (2005). The cell biology of neurogenesis. Molecular Cell Biology 6, p. 779
↑ Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, p. 13f.
↑ Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, p. 37
↑ Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, p. 37
↑ Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, p. 3f.
^ His, W. (1889) The neuroblasts and their formation in the embryonic mark. Dep. Math. Phys. Cl. Kgl. Sach. Ges. Wiss. 15, 313-372
↑ Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, p. 37f.

[1] Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, p. 6

[2] Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, p. 37

[3] Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, p. 8

[4] Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, p. 7f.

[5] Götz M., Huttner WB (2005). The cell biology of neurogenesis. Molecular Cell Biology 6, p. 781

[6] Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, pp. 8-10

[7] Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, p. 10f.

[8] Götz M., Huttner WB (2005). The cell biology of neurogenesis. Molecular Cell Biology 6, p. 779

[9] Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, p. 13f.

[10] Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, p. 37

[11] Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, p. 37

[12] Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, p. 3f.

[13] His, W. (1889) The neuroblasts and their formation in the embryonic mark. Dep. Math. Phys. Cl. Kgl. Sach. Ges. Wiss. 15, 313-372

[14] Schneider J. (2012). The role of radial glial cells in the development of the mammalian nervous system. Bachelor thesis with George Boyan. LMU Munich, p. 37f.