Reality orientation training
The Reality orientation training ( RED ) is a mid-1960 by Lucille R. Taulbee and the psychiatrist James C. Folsom developed non-medicamentous methods to care dementially ill . It is used to improve spatial, temporal, situational and personal orientation and is the most frequently used method for activating gerontopsychiatric patients. The aim is to exhaust the available resources of the person in need of care and to enable them to orientate themselves according to the situation, to preserve the memory and to improve the interaction with the caregivers as well as the communication and attention to the cared for.
Informal RED
Within the informal RED or 24-hour RED to be patient as part of the life-world design or milieu therapy , various guidance, for example, reference points, signs and support offered through the nursing communication with the Manicured that help him to navigate in its environment. The concept is used around the clock. The further training of the carers with regard to a communication that is easy to understand for the cared for is essential in this form.
Formal RED
The formal ROT or Classroom-ROT (English for classroom) includes, for example, care within ROT or dementia groups, which meet regularly and carry out various activities, for example to facilitate orientation within the seasons and to maintain cognitive skills .
Methods
For example, clocks and calendars are used in and outside of the personal environment for time orientation . The seasons or the weather are often shown graphically on so-called RED boards. This should also facilitate the situational orientation of those in need of care, for example before leaving the house.
The situational orientation is also strengthened by communicating the care measures in simple and structured sentences. Participation in cooking groups as well as washing and dressing training are included in the training.
For spatial orientation , the paths, for example to the bathroom, are marked in color and in writing. Name plates on the doors, pictograms and other representations should make it easier to perceive the spatial situation.
To promote personal orientation , those in need of care are always addressed by their full name. The perception of one's own external appearance should be promoted through the attachment of mirrors, the feeling and awareness of one's own identity through a regular personal exchange of experiences in groups.
criticism
The RED is particularly criticized because the strong structuring of everyday life incapacitates those in need of care and the extensive measures can lead to excessive demands on the person being cared for. Another point of criticism lies in the hardly realizable structural and conceptual adaptation to declining cognitive abilities. This can lead to emotions such as anger , fear and sadness in those affected , which have a negative effect on memory .
literature
- Erich Grond : Care for dementia patients , Schlütersche, 2005, ISBN 3899934318
- Ulrich Hegerl: Depression and dementia in old age: differentiation, interaction, diagnosis, therapy , Springer, 2001, ISBN 3211835695
- Lucille R. Taulbee, James C. Folsom: Reality orientation for geriatric patients. In: Hospital and Community Psychiatry , number 17, pages 133-135, 1966
Individual evidence
- ↑ Eileen Hegedusch: Animal-assisted therapy in dementia , Schlütersche, 2007, page 25, ISBN 3899931726