Rector model
The rector model shows in a table all information about the actants ("the essential players") of a predicative word and their form in connection with this word. This results in extensive information about the possibilities of how a word and its actants are used in a sentence can. For example, the rejection model of the verb promises in its first meaning (as in the sentence Hans promised us to come on time ) looks like this:
promise
| I = X | II = Y | III = Z |
|---|---|---|
| [Subject] | [Content] | [Opponent] |
| N nom | 1. to + V Inf | N dat |
| 2. that + NSatz | ||
| 3. N acc | ||
| 4. dir./indir. speech | ||
| necessary |
In this example, the table has three columns corresponding to the three actants of promise [ (i) who promises (ii) what (iii) whom ]. According to the government model, the first actant, the subject of the promise, can only be substantiated by a noun in the nominative (e.g. Hans promises ... ). The second actant, the content of the promise, can be realized as follows: either 1. through a verb in the infinitive in connection with zu (e.g. ... promises to come ), 2. through a subordinate clause that is connected with the conjunction that is introduced (e.g. ... promised that he will come ), 3. by a noun in the accusative (e.g. ... promised ... the book ) or 4. by direct or indirect speech (e.g. ... promised: "I'll come on time" ). This second actant must necessarily be realized in the sentence. For the realization of the third actant there is only one possibility, namely as a noun in the dative (e.g. ... promised us ... ).
The government model in this form was developed by linguists IA Meľčuk , AK Žolkovskij and Ju.D. Apresjan developed in the 1960s and 1970s. In addition to the lexical functions, it is an important part of the dictionary entry for all predicative words in the explanatory-combinatorial dictionary (EKW) of the meaning-text model (BTM).
literature
- Melʹčuk, IA 2010: The Government Pattern in the Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary. In: G.-M. Schryver (Ed.): A Way with Words: Recent Advances in Lexical Theory. A Festschrift for Patrick Hanks . Kampala.
- Apresjan, Ju.D. 1974: Leksičeskaja semantika . Sinonimičeskie sredstva jazyka. Moskva.
- Melʹčuk, IA 1974: Opyt teorii lingvističeskich modelej «Smysl ⇔ Tekst» . Moscow.
- Melʹčuk, IA, AK Žolkovskij, Ju.D. Apresjan et al. 1984: Tolkovo-Kombinatornyj slovarʹ sovremennogo russkogo jazyka : Opyty semantiko-sintaksičeskogo opisanija russkoj leksiki. Vienna. (= Viennese Slavic Almanac, special volume 14)
- Melʹčuk, IA et al. 1984, 1988, 1992, 1999: Dictionnaire explicatif et combinatoire du français contemporain . Recherches lexico-sémantiques I-IV, Montréal: Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal. - ISBN 2-7606-1738-6
- Zangenfeind, R. 2010: The meaning-text model. Dictionary and grammar of an integral language description . Munich, Berlin (= Slavic Articles, Vol. 471). ISBN 978-3-86688-083-2