Rottal farmhouse
The Rottaler farmhouse is the special form of a rural house in Lower Bavaria , which was mostly built in connection with a Rottaler four-sided farm and forms a functional unit with the other buildings grouped around a farmyard. The Rottaler farmhouse is usually a pure residential house if it is a large yard. However, if there is little agricultural space, it can also be a residential stable , since then the cattle were housed under one roof with the people.
features
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Such a residential building was oriented on the gable side to the farm yard and had the main entrance in the middle, which enabled access to a wide Fletz (wide hallway). In contrast to most other rural houses, the broad side of the house was the gable side, but it had a wide roof overhang to provide enough weather protection for the shot (narrow balcony) that was used to dry various farm products. For structural reasons - the Rottal farmhouses were originally pure log buildings - the floor plan of the upper floor was the same as that of the ground floor - so there was a wide hallway above the Fletz. The top floor was mostly raised by a knee stick so that it could be used as a drying or storage room if necessary. That is why it often had a door on the gable end that led to a high shot.
In the 19th century it became a regulation that the ground floor was bricked and only the upper floor and the attic were made of beams. But some of these Rottal farmhouses are still at their original location, and a few beautiful examples can also be seen in Lower Bavarian open-air museums . The Mittermayrhof's house in Riedertsham is a particularly beautifully designed farmhouse. The history of this farmhouse on the farm, which was completed and moved into at the turn of the year 1822/23, was documented by records made by the client Johann Mayer, so that today one can have precise ideas about the building's construction history and the costs of materials and wages can make.
History of the Rottal farmhouse
The history of this type of farmhouse probably begins as early as the 16th century, and has been traceable since the 17th century. This type of house developed over several generations, each of whom brought their experiences and adapted to changing forms of management. From a farm size of 50 days and the corresponding servants, a separate building was built, while a stable house was built for smaller farmers. The distribution area of this type is actually only the Rottal and some adjoining areas that extend a little further to the north. This type of farmhouse had fully developed in connection with the farm type by the beginning of the 19th century and then did not experience any further changes, except that the formerly inexpensive wood due to the official regulations and fire protection insurance in the late 19th century by stone and Brick was replaced. However, there are still some examples of the block building type, they are often listed and are looked after by their owners or the open-air museum accordingly. A particularly beautiful example is the residential building in Mittermayrhof in Riedertsham, the history of which is even documented. But there are also fine examples in the Massinger Open Air Museum.
Construction principles of the house
description
This farmhouse is unmistakable through its proportions and its gable view, which is expressively designed with shotguns. This gable with its large roof overhang is mostly oriented to the south and makes up one side of the Rottaler four-sided courtyard . It is the broad side of the house, which is mainly made of wood, is well protected from the weather and, thanks to the shot, offers the opportunity to dry all kinds of goods that are hung up. A tall shot with a gable door to the attic, which usually has a low knee, enables dry goods to be brought up to the large attic.
The house is therefore shorter than it is wide, with its long gable side facing the inner courtyard. The house entrance is roughly in the middle of this gable end and leads into a wide fletz that often leads to the rear wall of the house and has a rear exit there. The Fletz corresponds to a wide hallway on the upper floor, which is accessed from below by a straight or sometimes spiral staircase. The parts of the floors, which are divided into two halves by the Fletz and the hall, are usually of different widths. In the wider half of the first floor there is usually the living room and behind it the kitchen. On the other, narrower side, there are rooms and other chambers. The small windows ensure good lighting, especially in the living room, because they are on two sides. The identical floor plan of the basement and upper storey is due to the originally pure block construction. From the early 19th century onwards, the ground floors were usually bricked up because the building regulations stipulated that this was the case. In the late 19th century only a few farmhouses of this type were built, and these were all stone buildings.
Farmhouse floor plans
The construction principles become clear when one looks at the following floor plans of various Rottaler four-sided courtyards and their associated houses:
- Reischbach, Hollböck-Hof
- Riedertsham, overall floor plan of the Mittermayrhof
- Further floor plans of Rottal farmhouses
Building history of the Mittermayr-Hof in Riedertsham
As a monument conservator in Lower Bavaria, Mathias Ueblacker carefully looked after the Mittermayr-Hof in Riedertsham in the Passau district. The documents on the building and court history were published by him and the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation in a documentation volume. From these documents one can easily understand the development of the renovation of a four-sided courtyard with a typical residential house in the Rottal style.
This building history can be read in the documentation given below.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Martin Ortmeier: The "Rottaler Bauernhaus" . In: Lower Bavaria. Farmhouses in Bavaria 5th ed. By Helmut Gebhard and Georg Baumgartner. Munich 1995. pp. 89-96.
- ↑ Mathias Ueblacker: The Vierseithof the Mittermayr to Riedertsham (= Series of the Bavarian State Office for thinking care, no. 6) - People's Verlag, Munich, 2012. p. 14
- ↑ Martin Ortmeier: The Rottaler farmhouse . In: Helmut Gebhard / Georg Baumgartner (Ed.): Farmhouses in Bavaria - Volume 5, Lower Bavaria. Hugendubel, Munich 1995. pp. 89-96.
- ↑ Mathias Ueblacker: The Vierseithof the Mittermayr to Riedertsham (= Series of the Bavarian State Office for thinking care, no. 6) - People's Verlag, Munich 2012. p 21-28.
- ↑ Mathias Ueblacker: The Vierseithof the Mittermayr to Riedertsham (= Series of the Bavarian State Office for thinking care, no. 6) - People's Verlag, Munich 2012. p 11-15.
literature
- Mathias Ueblacker: The four-sided courtyard of Mittermayr zu Riedertsham (= series of publications of the Bavarian State Office for Thinking, No. 6) - Volk Verlag, Munich 2012. ISBN 978-3-86222-110-3
- Martin Ortmeier: The farmhouses and their history. Dietmar Klinger Verlag, Passau 2009, ISBN 978-3-932949-87-6
- Martin Ortmeier: A farm museum for Lower Bavaria - Massing open-air museum. Zweckverband Niederbayerische Freilichtmuseen, Landshut 2001, ISBN 3-9805663-4-X
- Martin Ortmeier: The Rottal farmhouse. In: Helmut Gebhard / Georg Baumgartner (Ed.): Farmhouses in Bavaria - Volume 5, Lower Bavaria. Hugendubel, Munich 1995. ISBN 3-88034-817-0
