Rottaler Vierseithof

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Rottaler Vierseithof is the name for a type of farm that occurs in the Lower Bavarian Rottal and neighboring areas. However, it does not correspond to the square yard shape that is often found in Upper and Lower Austria.

The Schusteröderhof in Massing
A renovated Rottaler farmhouse

With the Rottaler Hofform, the agricultural service yard is also enclosed on all four sides by buildings, but there can be gaps between the buildings. In contrast to other four-sided courtyards, the residential building - in the special form of the Rottal farmhouse with a flat roof - has its broad, southern gable front facing the inner courtyard . The mostly much higher barn, very often with a pitched roof, is usually on the opposite side of the courtyard. The stables, the coach house and the grain box are housed in the two longitudinal wings. Such a courtyard can very often be closed to the outside, then the inner courtyard can be reached via a gate between the spaced building corners or through a passage in the coach house.

With slight differences in the purpose and arrangement of the buildings, the topographical location in the area and in the design, the Rottaler Vierseithof is a characteristic type of farm for large parts of Lower Bavaria.

history

The development of this type of farm began as early as the 16th century, but it can be proven in the 17th century. Over the course of two centuries, this type of farmhouse and farm developed based on the practical experience of generations, repeatedly influenced by changing forms of cultivation. When the Bavarian government stipulated at the beginning of the 19th century that the house should be built from bricks at least on the ground floor, the pure block buildings gradually disappeared, as they were in the houses of the Mittermayrhof in Riedertsham, the Schusteröderhof in the open-air museum in Massing and the former Venushofs can be found in Parzham. Towards the end of the 19th century, such farmhouses and four-sided farms were hardly built any more. If any were built, they were made entirely of stone. The fire insurance regulations no longer allow any other solution.

Peculiarity - the Rottaler farmhouse

Renovated Rottaler farmhouse in Kainerding

Typical of this type of farm is the special construction of the "Rottaler farmhouse" type, originally made almost entirely of wood. Its distinguishing feature is the direction of the ridge, its roof, which is actually the wrong way round. The longer side of the house faces the courtyard; it should actually be the eaves side. The house entrance on the gable side without exception leads into a central Fletz (wide hallway), which is often slightly shifted from the central axis and often leads to the rear gable wall with the rear exit. The floor plan of the ground floor is mostly repeated on the upper floor, as it makes the most constructive sense in the case of purely wooden buildings. Most of the time, such a Rottal farmhouse also has a shot on the first floor and often a tall shot that makes the necessary door accessible for storage in the attic. What is unique and not so common is a shot that runs around the entire yard, as can be found in the Mittermayrhof in Riedertsham.

Rottaler Vierseithöfe and Rottaler farmhouses

Brother Konrad's birthplace in Parzham

The following brief descriptions give a brief overview of listed Rottal farmhouses that were or are still part of a Rottal four-sided farm:

Brother Konrad's birthplace

The much-visited birth house of Holy Brother Konrad in Parzham is also a Rottal farmhouse. It probably also belonged to a typical four-sided courtyard, the Venushof, built in 1750, but which no longer exists. In 1971 the Bruder-Konrad-Verein Parzham e. V. took over the building and erected a pilgrimage and memorial site for the saint after extensive renovation.

Moserhof (Kainerding)

Moserhof farmhouse

The listed Moserhof (Kainerding) is an almost 200 year old courtyard, the house of which was completely renovated and modernized in 2012/13. The other buildings of the Vierseithof are no longer used for agriculture, but they are part of the protected monument that is included in the list in the Kainerding district under file number D-2-77-112-15. The monument is included in the list of monuments of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation.

Mittermayrhof (Riedertsham)

The listed Mittermayrhof (Riedertsham) is a particularly beautifully designed example of such a homestead, as it was carefully planned and even artistically designed by its builder Johann Mayer. Based on the existing construction documents, the planning and construction progress on the individual buildings of this courtyard can be traced exactly. After many years of construction, it was completed in 1832. This farm remained in the family's possession and, as a unique monument to a Rottaler four-sided farm, was the subject of an educational film and documentation by the BLfD.

Two farmhouses in the Massing open-air museum

The Schusteröderhof in Massing

In the Lower Bavarian open-air museum in Massing there are also two typical examples of this type of farm or of the Rottal farmhouse :

  • Schusteröderhof : This farmhouse from the Rottal has old furnishings with things of rural living, it even has a double shot with turned balusters and an Arma-Christi cross on the barn. Its particularly wide gable front is impressive.
  • Kochhof : This courtyard is the center of the museum. Everything is in its place in this courtyard as it was around 1930. The house made of wood with its two shotguns is a typical "Rottal farmhouse". The two-name Bundwerkstadel with the year 1836 painted on it shows the wealth of the former farmer.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Martin Ortmeier: The "Rottaler Bauernhaus" . In: Lower Bavaria. Farmhouses in Bavaria 5th ed. By Helmut Gebhard and Georg Baumgartner. Munich 1995. pp. 89-96.
  2. ↑ Mathias Ueblacker: The Vierseithof the Mittermayr to Riedertsham (. = Series of the Bavarian State Office for Brain Care, No. 6) - Volksverlag 2012. p 14/15.
  3. ↑ Mathias Ueblacker: The Vierseithof the Mittermayr to Riedertsham (. = Series of the Bavarian State Office for Brain Care, No. 6) - People's Publishing, 2012. pp 20-38.
  4. ↑ Mathias Ueblacker: The Vierseithof the Mittermayr to Riedertsham (. = Series of the Bavarian State Office for Brain Care, No. 6) - Volksverlag 2012. p.7.

literature

  • Mathias Ueblacker: The four-sided courtyard of Mittermayr zu Riedertsham (= series of publications of the Bavarian State Office for Thinking, No. 6) - Volk Verlag, Munich 2012. ISBN 978-3-86222-110-3
  • Martin Ortmeier: The farmhouses and their history. Dietmar Klinger Verlag, Passau 2009, ISBN 978-3-932949-87-6
  • Martin Ortmeier: A farm museum for Lower Bavaria - Massing open-air museum. Zweckverband Niederbayerische Freilichtmuseen, Landshut 2001, ISBN 3-9805663-4-X
  • Martin Ortmeier: The most beautiful farmhouses in the Rottal. SüdOst Verlag, Waldkirchen 2002, ISBN 3-89682-073-7
  • Helmut Gebhard: Farmhouses in Bavaria - Lower Bavaria. Hugendubel, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-88034-817-0

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