Saltarello
The saltarello is a lively dance that was first mentioned in Italy in the 14th century. Some saltarelli are still known, but early dance moves are unknown. It is named after its typical hopping jump (Italian: saltare, hopping).
history
In the wake of the earliest known dance master in Europe, Domenico da Piacenza , several dance books were written in the 15th century, including Arte Saltandi & Chorea Ducendi (F-Pn f. Ital, 972). How u. a. As can be seen from the title, the term danzare was practically displaced by saltare at this time , although the choreographies distinguish between four different types of dance, namely (listed in increasing tempo) the bassadanza , the quadernaria (also Salterello tedesco), the actual Salterello and the piva . The Arte Salt Andi mainly describes choreography, in which up to four of these dance forms are combined offers but especially the associated grade material. The saltarello and the piva are in 6/8 time, which is relatively simple in rhythm in both cases.
The four saltarelli handed down in a Tuscan manuscript (add. 29987 in the British Library ), which are more complicated and extensive than the Piazenza Saltarelli, are certainly not music for use in dance, but rather recitals. In the 15th century the saltarello as a dance gradually went out of fashion, but was used several times by Joan Ambrosio Dalza in 1508 in his small dance suites Pavane-Saltarello-Piva . The saltarello can also be found in Balletti by Fabritio Caroso, published in 1581, as a night dance in triple dance to the preceding straight-bar piece ( di Alta Orsina and Bassa Honorata ) .
Later the saltarello became a carnival dance in Rome. Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy built the saltarello into the finale of his Italian Symphony after having attended a carnival in Rome in 1831.
During this time, the saltarello was only danced by one couple, while the others were standing around. It is danced “ fast and hopping, with increasing speed, essentially with the upper body, the man usually plays the guitar in the dance, the woman strikes the tambourine or gracefully lifts her apron; the passionate movement, jumping turns and the skillful development of the body shape are reminiscent of the ancient Roman Bacchus dances. “Also in the city of Rome the saltarello was danced in the gardens and vineyards as well as in streets and squares; it was considered the "Roman national dance". The festival for the grape harvest on Monte Testaccio , on Scherbenberg, was famous . The painterly effect of the dance, which many artists captured, was enhanced by the different costumes of the dancers.
Musical works
- Leonardo De Lorenzo : Saltarello, op.27 for flute , Zimmermann music publisher (1931)
- Camille Saint-Saëns : Saltarelle, op.74 for male choir a cappella , after Gioachino Rossini , La danza (1835)
- Fanny Hensel : Four Songs for the Pianoforte , op. 6, No. 4, Il Saltarello Romano (1846)
- Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy : Fourth Symphony, the Italian , fourth movement (1833)
- Edvard Grieg : String Quartet, op.27 , fourth movement (1867/1868)
- Bohuslav Martinů : Saltarello , introduction to the third act of the opera Mirandolina (1954)
- Dead can dance "Saltarello"
Remarks
- ↑ See for example Johann Ambrosio Dalza: Pavana alla Ferrarese, Saltarello, Piva. (Petrucci - Venezia 1508). In: Ruggero Chiesa (ed.): Antologia di Musica Antica per liuto, vihuela e chitarra. Volume 1. Edizioni Suvini Zerboni, Milan 1969, pp. 6-13.
- ^ Adalbert Quadt : Lute music from the Renaissance. According to tablature ed. by Adalbert Quadt. Volume 1 ff. Deutscher Verlag für Musik, Leipzig 1967 ff .; 4th edition, ibid. 1968, Volume 2, p. 18.
- ^ Theodor Gsell Fels : Rome and the Campagna. 4th edition. Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig et al. 1895, column 77.
