Samaritan Targum
The Samaritan Targum is the translation of the Samaritan Pentateuch into Aramaic .
Like the Samaritan Pentateuch, its Aramaic translation became known to the European scholarly world through the Parisian polyglot (1645). The print was based on a manuscript that Pietro della Valle acquired in Damascus in 1616 . For a long time it remained the only textual basis for knowledge of the Samaritan Targum, until the end of the 19th century other manuscripts a. a. from Nablus became known. Abraham Tal got a critical edition in the 1980s.
The many manuscripts and fragments of manuscripts show numerous deviations from one another. The easiest way to explain the situation is that there have been a large number of Aramaic translations from the start and, unlike the Jewish Targum Onkelos , for example , a version as textus receptus has never been able to establish itself. The date of origin of the targum or the targume is uncertain, but it is clearly before the oldest surviving manuscripts, all of which date from the Middle Ages. A substantive influence by the Jewish Targumim , in particular the Targum Onkelos, cannot be determined.
With the gradual extinction of Aramaic as a colloquial language in favor of Arabic , the interest in the Targum also waned and the Arabic translations gained in importance. A few arabisms and Arabic glosses in the manuscripts date from this period.
literature
- Lea Goldberg : The Samaritan Pentateuch argument. An examination of his handwritten sources (= Bonn oriental studies 11). W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1935.
- Abraham Tal : The Samaritan Targum of the Pentateuch: A Critical Edition (= Texts and Studies in the Hebrew Language and Related Studies IV – VI). Tel Aviv 1980-1983.
Remarks
- ^ Cf. the edition by Julius Heinrich Petermann , Karl Vollers: Pentateuchus Samaritanus: Ad fidem librorum manuscriptorum apud Nablusianos repertorum edidit et varias lectiones adscripsit. W. Moeser, Berlin 1872-1891.