Shock moment

The period before the reaction time is called the startle time . According to Sigmund Exner (1846–1926), reaction is the purposeful change in behavior following a stimulus. The shock is not purposeful.

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A defined duration of the shock time cannot be specified, but is extremely subjective, e.g. As if in a game trail at night a deer jumps onto the road. The startling time (and also the reaction time) can increase in the event of fatigue , inattentiveness or alcohol consumption ; it can be reduced by mental preparation, willingness to brake and the like. With expected events - such as the observation of a star passage through a thread net or in martial arts - it can be depressed depending on the type and current state of mind. During a period of shock, it is possible to stop the heartbeat for a short time.

In the event of unexpected events, the driver is to be allowed a period of shock if he cannot be held responsible for the fact that the event hits him unexpectedly (BGH VersR 1958, 61; 1959, 455; 1962, 165; 1969, 162; VRS 23, 375). The period of shock depends on the circumstances of the individual case (cf. Engels DAR 1982, 360; Spiegel DAR 1982, 366). As a rule, it will only be a fraction of a second, so the frequently used term “shocking second” is misleading.

See also:

• Paralysis
• personal equation
• reaction time
• Reaction speed
• Reaction path
• Braking distance