Soul sleep

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Soul sleep is a name given to the belief that the dead sleep until the resurrection .

Calvin's Night Watch of the Soul 1534

Calvin's first theological content was Psychopannychia (“Night Watch of the Soul”) (Orléans, 1534), in which he condemned the doctrine of the sleep of the soul between death and the Last Judgment . A French version followed later; Psychopannychie - La nuit ou le sommeil de l'âme (Geneva, 1558).

Polemic pamphlets on Luther's soul sleep

Martin Luther often described death as a kind of sleep. In the 18th and 19th centuries it was controversial whether Luther taught soul sleep. The Lutheran historian Gottfried Fritschel (1867) believed that this teaching can be found in Luther's works.

The mortalism of Milton, Hobbes, Locke, and Newton

In England, Thomas More fought the theory of sleep with the same arguments as Calvin, but mortalism was widespread in Enlightenment England. Leading figures of the early Enlightenment such as Milton , Locke , Hobbes and Newton rejected the immortality of the soul .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Peter Opitz Life and Work of Johannes Calvin 2009, p. 31: “Calvin's first text with theological content comes from the time between the coprede and his exile, which can only be inadequately clarified. Your preface indicates Orléans as the place of origin and the year 1534 “.
  2. ↑ Archive for Reformation History: Supplement, Literature Report: 36 Verein für Reformationsgeschichte, American Society for Reformation Research - 2007 "There is also a French version of Calvin's Psychopannychia, in which he commented on the doctrine of soul sleep between death and the Last Judgment."
  3. ^ Jean Henri Merle d'Aubigné. Histoire de la reformation en Europe au temps de Calvin .
  4. ^ Ernst Staehelin Johannes Calvin: Life and Selected Writings, Vol. 1 (1863), p. 36
  5. ↑ Luther Enarrationes in Genesin 1535–1545 “sic anima post mortem intrat suum cubiculum et pacem et dormiens non sentit suum somnum” Exegetica opera Latina vol. 5 & 6 p. 120, Elsberger 1830.
  6. ↑ Hans-Georg Kemper denominationalism 1987 p. 326 "Death appeared to Luther as a mere sleep, the intermediate state between death and resurrection as a short period of" security in Christ "until he" reveals itself bodily "" (ibid., P. 99).
  7. ↑ Aurelie Horovitz Contributions to Lessing's Philosophy 1907 p. 89 "August 1755 about a pamphlet whether Luther believed in the sleep of the soul after death, Lessing says that nothing can be gained from Luther's reputation."
  8. ↑ Gotthold Ephraim Lessing Complete Writings: Vol. 7 Karl Lachmann, Franz Muncker - 1891 “He cites quite a number of passages from Luther's writings, in which all of the soul sleep, according to the words, ... You will say that Luther with the Words sleep do not connect the terms that Mr. R. associates with them. "
  9. ↑ G. Fritschel: Because with the words "anima non sic dormit, sed vigilat et patitur visiones, loquelas Angelorum et Dei" Luther does not want to deny what he says in all other passages of his writings. Luther and open questions , magazine for the entire Lutheran theology and church 1867 p. 657 - “Differunt tamen somnus sive quies hujus vitae et futurae. Homo enim in hac vita defatigatus diurno labore, sub noctem intrat in cubiculum suum tanquam in pace, ut ibi dormiat, et ea nocte fruitur quiete, neque quicquam scit de ullo malo sive incendii, sive caedis. Anima autem non sic dormit, sed vigilat, et patitur visiones loquelas Angelorum et Dei. Ideo somnus in futura vita profundior est quam in hac vita et tamen anima coram Deo vivit. Hac similitudine, quam habeno a somno viventia. "
  10. ↑ Irmgard Wilhelm-Schaffer God's official and minstrel of the devil - The death in the late Middle Ages (1999) "Based on biblical statements, Luther admits the existence of a few exceptions to the sleep of the soul. These are people like Moses and Elias who appeared to Jesus; basically sleep comes as an intermediate state .. "
  11. ↑ Judaica: 22–24 1965 “Against Bacon, Gassendi and Hobbes he repeatedly assures: The soul is not a tabula rasa (II, 33) 17. [...] More fights the doctrine of soul sleep with the same arguments as Calvin (III, 61–78) through the thesis: animam post mortem non dormire. He vigorously denies that the doctrine of immortality is unbiblical and that of Platonism in church doctrine ... "
  12. ↑ Gerhard Krause, Gerhard Müller Theologische Realenzyklopädie: Vol. 22 p. 758 1992 “Mortalism was widespread in England and Sir Thomas Browne admitted to this view in Religio Medici as the first of his 20 youthful heresies. Milton was by no means alone in the view that man is entirely mortal because of the inseparability of body and soul. "
  13. ↑ Jürgen Klein Radical Thinking in England: Modern Times 1984, p. 406: "... the same breath must be said of how idiosyncratic Milton has confronted orthodox-Protestant theology, for example with his thesis of mortalism."
  14. ↑ Nuvo (ed.), John Locke: Writings on Religion , pp. Xxxiii (2002)
  15. ↑ Wood, Science and dissent in England, 1688–1945 , p. 50 (2004)
  16. ↑ Bryan W. Ball The Soul Sleepers: Christian Mortalism from Wycliffe to Priestley , Lutterworth 2008
  17. ↑ Norman T. Burns Christian Mortalism from Tyndale to Milton , Harvard University Press 1972
  18. ^ Philip C. Almond Heaven and Hell in Enlightenment England , Cambridge University Press 2009