Set and setting

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In drug use, set and setting refer to the mental state of the user (set (abbreviation: mindset )) and the environment (setting). The US psychologist Timothy Leary coined the terms in connection with the use of the psychoactive drug LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide). The effect of a drug therefore depends not only on the dose, but also on the mood, thoughts and expectations of the consumer, as well as on his environment at the time of ingestion and the impressions produced and perceived individually with it.

theses

According to Leary, psychological problems can be treated with a cheap set and setting with LSD. Through meta-programming to a deliberate and targeted modification of one's mind and his behavior possible.

More recent studies in the context of the renewed research interest in hallucinogens and entactogens since the mid-1990s also showed the strong influence of the setting, since serious negative effects can result from the use of psychedelics in inappropriate settings.

• L. Hermle: Risks and side effects of LSD, psilocybin and MDMA in psychotherapy. In: H. Jungaberle, P. Gasser, J. Weinhold, R. Verres (eds.): Therapy with psychoactive substances. Huber, Bern 2008, pp. 147–164.
• E. Frecska: Therapeutic guidelines: Dangers and contraindications in therapeutic applications of hallucinogens. In: MJ Winkelman, TB Roberts (Ed.): Psychedelic medicine: New evidence for hallucinogenic substances as treatments. Vol. 1, Praeger, Westport CT 2007, pp. 69-96.

Norman Zinberg developed the idea of ​​set and setting on a sociological basis by examining rules for the circumstances of use among socially integrated users of various drugs. In his opinion, many users unconsciously adhere to such rules and can thus achieve controlled drug consumption.

Web links

• Joachim Eul, Tibor Harrach: Magic mushrooms with us. Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen office, November 19, 2000, archived from the original on July 11, 2006 ; Retrieved March 9, 2008 . 
• Hans Cousto: Drug-induced and other extraordinary states of consciousness - A report on addiction and longing, transcendence, I experiences and extraordinary states of consciousness. Eve & Rave Switzerland, 1998, accessed March 9, 2008 . 

literature

• Timothy Leary: Info-Psychology: A manual for the use of the human nervous system as instructed by the manufacturer. Phenomenon Verlag, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-933321-82-4 .
• Timothy Leary: Psychedelic Experiences. A manual based on instructions from the Tibetan Book of the Dead Barth, Weilheim 1971, ISBN 3-87041-248-8 .
• Norman Earl Zinberg: Drug, Set, and Setting. Yale Univ. Press, 1984, ISBN 0-300-03110-6 . (engl.)
• L. Hermle: Risks and side effects of LSD, psilocybin and MDMA in psychotherapy. In: H. Jungaberle, P. Gasser, J. Weinhold, R. Verres (eds.): Therapy with psychoactive substances. Huber, Bern, 2008, pp. 147–164.
• E. Frecska: Therapeutic guidelines: Dangers and contraindications in therapeutic applications of hallucinogens. In: MJ Winkelman, TB Roberts (Ed.): Psychedelic medicine: New evidence for hallucinogenic substances as treatments. Vol. 1, Praeger, Westport, CT, 2007, pp. 69-96.

This article is about a health issue. It is not used for self-diagnosis and does not replace a diagnosis by a doctor. Please note the information on health issues !