Siagoninae
| Siagoninae | ||||||||||||
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Siagona europaea |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Siagoninae | ||||||||||||
| Bonelli , 1810 |
The Siagoninae are a subfamily of the ground beetles (Carabidae). There are four types in Europe.
features
Beetle
The beetles of the genera Enceladus and Luperca have a flat, hairless body, the genus Siagona has very flat, but hairy bodies. The body is severely narrowed in all species between the pro- and mesothorax . The mandibles are short and hairless. The prothorax is severely narrowed at the back. The wings are clearly flattened and have no basal edge. They have eight longitudinal furrows, which are difficult to recognize in the genus Siagona .
Larvae
The larvae of the subfamily are characterized by a number of autapomorphies . The head has a more or less narrowed neck, either six point eyes ( ocelli ) are formed, or these are reduced to one or two. In the genus Siagona the maxillary and labial palps are very elongated, otherwise they are of normal length, but their last limb is elongated and in the genus Enceladus has an enlarged area with sensory hairs. The Lacinia is trained. The legs are slender and have two claws. The tergite of the ninth abdominal segment is clearly regressed, divided in the middle and has extremely elongated urogomphi , which are 0.5 to 1.0 times as long as the entire body. These are filled with several hair shapes.
Way of life
The species of the genera Siagona and Cymbionotum live on the ground in damp habitats with rotting plant parts. The genus Enceladus lives under bark. Some species also live on mud and in the cracks in the bottom of dry water. Species of the genus Luperca were found in termite burrows .
Systematics and distribution
The relatively small subfamily is divided into two tribes with four genera. The tribe Enceladini is monotypical and includes only the genus Enceladus widespread in northern South America . The tribe Siagonini comprises three genera. The genus Siagona is distributed in the southern Palearctic , including the Malay Peninsula, and in Africa and comprises 80 species. The genus Cymbionotum is common in the southern Palearctic , with the exception of the Malay Peninsula and Africa. The genus Luperca is common with two species in Africa and India. The following species occur in Europe:
- Siagona dejeani Rambur, 1837
- Siagona europaea Dejean, 1826
- Siagona jenissonii Dejean, 1826
- Siagona longula Reiche, 1855
supporting documents
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Rolf G. Beutel, Richard AB Leschen: Handbuch der Zoologie - Coleoptera, Beetles, Volume 1: Morphology and Systematics (Archostemata, Adephaga, Myxophaga, Polyphaga partim) . 1st edition. de Gruyter , 2005, ISBN 3-11-017130-9 , p. 134 (English).
- ↑ a b Siagoninae. Fauna Europaea, accessed July 24, 2010 .
literature
- Rolf G. Beutel, Richard AB Leschen: Handbuch der Zoologie - Coleoptera, Beetles, Volume 1: Morphology and Systematics (Archostemata, Adephaga, Myxophaga, Polyphaga partim) . 1st edition. de Gruyter , 2005, ISBN 3-11-017130-9 (English).