Syllable counting
The term syllable counting has several meanings in linguistics :
- Typology: For a syllable language one is isochronous rhythm characteristic - that a regular time sequence of syllables .
- The Akzentologie itself as a syllable-counting language a language in which the position of the word stress is regularly predicted from the count of syllables from the end of a word or the letters from. In some cases, the accent rules apply not only to individual words, but to entire syntagms (a group of words that belong together syntactically ).
- As a syllable-counting verse principle, a metrical principle is called in the verse , in which the number of syllables of the verse is decisive.
Examples
- Metric syllable counting:
- The Finnish Kalevala epic consists entirely of eight-syllable verses.
- Accented syllable-counting language
- Many languages have the accent on the first syllable, on the last syllable or on the penultimate syllable.
- first syllable: Hungarian, Finnish
- last syllable: French
- penultimate syllable: Polish
- mixed systems are also common:
- the accent position depends on the form or word category
- New Persian: accent on the last or penultimate syllable
- the accent depends on phonetic conditions
- In Armenian, the accent is always on the last syllable if it does not contain the vowel “e”; in this case the accent moves to the penultimate syllable ( anún "name" vs. anúnes "my name")
- the accent position depends on the form or word category
- the accent rule depends on the number of syllables in a word
- In Georgian, the accent is on the penultimate syllable for two-syllable words and on the third-last syllable for more than two syllables.
- The syntagmatic application of the accent rule can be found in Czech (initial stress in nád Labem “on the Elbe”).
- Many languages have the accent on the first syllable, on the last syllable or on the penultimate syllable.
See also
swell
- Helmut Glück (Ed.), With the collaboration of Friederike Schmöe : Metzler Lexikon Sprache. 3rd, revised edition. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2005, ISBN 3-476-02056-8 .
- Th. Vennemann: Recent developments in phonology. 1986.