Sensory impairment

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The previously used generic term “ sensory disabilities” encompasses physical impairments of sensory perception that affect the distant sensory channels ( hearing and sight ).

Terminology: sensory impairment instead of sensory impairment

Since the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) ratified in Germany in 2009 , “disability” is no longer used as a term exclusively limited to health impairment. Article 1 of the UN CRPD reads in the German version (shadow translation): “People with disabilities include people who have long-term physical, emotional, mental or sensory impairments who, in interaction with various barriers, give their full and effective participation on an equal footing with others of society. ”It is therefore to speak of impairment of the senses if one intends to refer linguistically exclusively to the physical level or to a certain form of impairment of the senses.

In the new definition of the World Health Organization WHO , the vague collective term of disability does not refer to the individual, but equally to interpersonal, social and cultural dimensions:

"Disabilities is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. An impairment is a problem in body function or structure; an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action; while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations. Disability is thus not just a health problem. It is a complex phenomenon, reflecting the interaction between features of a person's body and features of the society in which he or she lives. "

- World Health Organization WHO

In German usage, the distinction between disability and physical impairment is not always consistently implemented. Disregarding this can lead to serious misunderstandings. If one wants to express linguistically that one does not intend to reduce people to their physical constitution or to discriminate them as a result, it makes sense to distinguish it from a purely medical model of disability .

In November 2015 the Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (BMAS) published a draft for a new Disability Equality Act (BGG). Among other things, this provides for the stringent use of the terminology "people with disabilities" instead of "disabled people" in the statutory texts of the BGG and in the I and X of the Social Security Code.

On June 28, 2016, the Federal Participation Act (BTHG) and the National Action Plan 2.0 for the overall implementation of the participation rights of people with disabilities were passed: "With the Federal Participation Act (BTHG), integration assistance is to be removed from the 'welfare system' of social assistance."

Right to equal participation: education, work and society

In Germany, for example in Baden-Württemberg, since a change in the education law on inclusion on July 15, 2015 (valid since the 2015/16 school year), people with a sensory impairment and parents whose children are entitled to special educational opportunities can freely choose whether they learn together with children without special educational needs at a general school or whether they take advantage of the offer of a special educational training and advice center (SBBZ).

In accordance with the ratification of the UN CRPD, the German Federal Government is increasingly working to ensure that people with disabilities are no longer singled out in so-called special schools or special facilities. The improvement of school, university and professional support corresponding to the skills as well as equal access to the labor market and appropriate working conditions are part of the (Inclusion Initiative) and the Federal Participation Act (BTHG).

Sensory impairments in special education

The distant sensory channels receive special special educational attention as important carriers of information absorption. The impairments of the far-sighted senses include, for example, hearing impairments such as hearing impairment or deafness , impairment of the visual sense such as blindness or ametropia and deafblindness as a combination of more or less pronounced impairments of both remote senses.

In addition to the distant senses (hearing and sight), the other senses (near-sensory channels: olfactory senseanosmia , sense of tasteageusia and sense of touchanesthesia ) are not primarily impairments to be promoted from a special educational point of view.

literature

  • Anne Waldschmidt: "Disability Studies: individual, social and / or cultural model of disability?", In: Psychologie und Gesellschaftskritik 29 (2005), 1, pp. 9–31. ( online ).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ WHO Definition of Disabilities World Health Organization, accessed July 13, 2016.
  2. ^ Anne Waldschmidt: Disability Studies: individual, social and / or cultural model of disability ?. In: Psychology and social criticism (= Psychology and social criticism. Issue 29). Verlag, 2005, ISBN, pp. 9–31. ( online )
  3. Further development of the disability equality law . Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. November 12, 2015. Accessed October 31, 2019.
  4. Making more possible, less hindering Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, accessed on July 13, 2016.
  5. ^ Ministry of Culture Baden-Württemberg: Inclusion. 2016, accessed July 13, 2016 .
  6. Inclusion Initiative (PDF) Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
  7. ^ Federal Participation Act Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, accessed on July 13, 2016.