Smart Grid Architecture Model
The Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM) comprises a framework for the uniform description of system architectures for smart grids .
background
The SGAM was developed and pursued within the scope of the European mandate M / 490 by the Smart Grid Coordination Group, supported by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) the original goal of uncovering gaps in smart grid standardization. A broad acceptance of this framework within the user community also helped this framework to be used more widely in the development of smart grid system architectures.
Structure and structure
The structure of the SGAM is based on two essential concepts:
- SGAM tarpaulin (level)
- Five levels of interoperability
SGAM tarpaulin
The SGAM Plane is a structured level for the representation of smart grid architectures. For this purpose, the NIST Conceptual Model was combined with monitoring and control ( SCADA on process control level) within the automation pyramid to form one level. The resulting x-axis of this level ("domains") divides the problem domain electrical power supply into the individual sections:
- Bulk generation: large-volume energy generation
- Transmission: transmission network
- Distribution: distribution network
- Distributed Energy Resource, DER: distributed energy producers
- Customer Premises: Customer / Prosumer Domain
The y-axis of the SGAM Plane ("Zones") essentially reflects the automation pyramid, supplemented by the two zones "Enterprise" and "Market" (from the NIST Conceptual Model):
- Process : physical equipment of the energy supply
- Field : protection, control and surveillance equipment
- Station : spatial aggregation of the field zone, e.g. B. local SCADA system
- Operation : higher-level control of the energy system, e.g. B. Distribution network control
- Enterprise : commercial and organizational processes
- Market : Market operations and interactions
The specification of the SGAM plane as a level ultimately enables a structured location of individual elements within the higher-level context as well as the representation of interfaces between individual components.
Interoperability levels
In order to achieve the overarching goal of "interoperability", individual aspects are considered separately. For this purpose, the concept of five interoperability levels was introduced: Individual aspects are considered separately on different SGAM plans:
- Business Layer : Business View, e.g. B. economic and regulatory aspects
- Function layer : functions and services between components from an architectural point of view
- Information Layer : Transferred information objects and data models
- Communication Layer : Protocols and mechanisms for information exchange
- Component Layer : Physical distribution of the components involved
The resulting SGAM framework thus enables (1) the structured representation of a smart grid system with (2) separate consideration of individual interoperability aspects.
Dissemination and use
The clarity of the SGAM cube results in a simple comprehensibility and consequently broad acceptance within the smart grid developer community. It is used increasingly in the context of architecture development in particular. Various freely available tools such as B. the SGAM toolbox developed at the FH Salzburg are available for this.
Based on the positive experiences with the SGAM, there are various derivations such as B. the reference architecture model Industry 4.0 ( RAMI 4.0 ), which was published in 2016 as DIN SPEC 91345.
Related norms and standards
IEC 62559-2: 2015 Use case methodology - Part 2: Definition of the templates for use cases, actor list and requirements list
The IEC 62559-2 standard defines the so-called use case template for the description of use cases of the energy domain, which within eight sections reflect the different abstraction and interoperability levels of the SGAM framework. The IEC 62559 use case template provides a suitable basis or a suitable first step for creating adequate architecture models.
NIST IR 7628: Guidelines for Smart Grid Cyber Security
As part of the NIST IR 7628 guidelines, a reference architecture for smart grid solutions that are considered safe was presented. A mapping of this reference architecture in the context of the SGAM framework has already been demonstrated.
The SGAM framework makes it possible to describe interfaces in the smart grid architecture and then to assign standards or to identify and close gaps in standardization.
The advantage of the user of this architecture is to be able to describe his application in a completely standardized and interoperable manner across the various layers in a common model for all parties involved and then to validate it. Subsequent exchange or expansion in the levels does not automatically lead to a completely new validation of the entire use case.
literature
- Christian Neureiter, A Domain-Specific, Model Driven Engineering Approach For Systems Engineering In The Smart Grid , MBSE4U, 2017, ISBN 978-3981852929
Individual evidence
- ↑ VDE (Ed.): SmartHome2Market, White Book Technology, July 2016, VDE .
- ↑ CEN - CENELEC - ETSI Smart Grid Coordination Group Smart Grid Reference Architecture. Retrieved December 5, 2017 .
- ^ Office of the National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability .: NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 3.0 . Ed .: National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2014.
- ↑ FH Salzburg: SGAM Toolbox. Retrieved January 19, 2018 .
- ↑ German Institute for Standardization eV (DIN): DIN SPEC 91345: 2016-04: Reference architecture model Industry 4.0 (RAMI4.0) . Beuth.
- ↑ International Electrotechnical Commission: IEC 62559-2: 2015 Use case methodology - Part 2: Definition of the templates for use cases, actor list and requirements list . Ed .: IEC. 2015.
- ↑ Marion Gottschalk, Mathias Uslar, Christina Delfs: The Use Case and Smart Grid Architecture Model Approach: The IEC 62559-2 Use Case Template and the SGAM applied in various domains (= SpringerBriefs in Energy ). Springer International Publishing, 2017, ISBN 978-3-319-49228-5 ( springer.com [accessed August 10, 2020]).
- ↑ The Smart Grid Interoperability Panel Cyber Security Working Group: NISTIR 7628 Guidelines on Smart Grid Cyber Security . Ed .: National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2014.
- ↑ Christian Neureiter, Mathias Uslar, Dominik Engel, Goran Lastro: A Standards-based Approach for Domain Specific Modeling of Smart Grid System Architectures . In: Proceedings of International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE) 2016 . Kongsberg, Norway 2016, p. 1-6 .
- ↑ Christian Neureiter: NISTIR 7628 model. Retrieved January 19, 2018 .