Speed ​​cubing

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Erik Akkersdijk solves the 3 × 3 × 3 cube within 10.50 seconds
Speed ​​cubing

Speedcubing (of English speed , German : speed and English cube , German: dice ) called the action a (usually 3 × 3 × 3) Rubik's cube (Engl. Rubik's Cube ) to solve in the shortest possible time, so in the state with six-color Bring pages back. In addition to the classic 3 × 3 × 3 variant, there are many other variations, for example 2 × 2 × 2 , 4 × 4 × 4 , 5 × 5 × 5 , 6 × 6 × 6 , 7 × 7 × 7 and other cube-shaped puzzles, which differ from the Rubik's Cube scheme, such as the Skewb or the Fisher Cube . There are also non-cube-shaped versions (e.g. Pyraminx (pyramid-shaped), cylinder -shaped puzzles) as well as variants that have other forms of solved states, i.e. H. not monochrome pages, but z. B. Pictures or samples.

Solution methods

There are many different ways of solving the classic dice, although not everyone is suitable for speed cubing. Broadly speaking, there are a range of methods. It is enough for those that are based on knowing a few algorithms and repeating them often, on the other hand there are some that need few moves, but a lot of algorithms and special cases have to be learned by heart, which is why they are used for solving on time are better suited. The two best-known methods among speed cubers are the so-called Fridrich method developed by Jessica Fridrich in the 1980s , which is used by most speed cubers today, and the Petrus method developed by Lars Petrus .

The method developed by Gilles Roux , the Roux method , is also enjoying increasing popularity, as it has many intuitive steps and thus requires fewer algorithms and fewer moves than, for example, the Fridrich method.

The Roux method and the Fridrich method are so far the only methods with which an average of less than ten seconds has officially been achieved. Most Speedcubers, however, use the Fridrich method, which has been around for a long time.

However, these methods are not fixed constructs, but can also be changed and mixed. For example, the last two of the normally four steps of the Fridrich method can be separated into two steps each, which requires fewer algorithms and is much easier for beginners who are just learning the method. On the other hand, additional sets of algorithms can also be learned, which in some cases combine two steps, thus eliminating one algorithm. The more individual cases and associated algorithms you learn, the more efficiently you can solve the cube, but of course the more work the learning requires.

Competitions

There are many competitions for Speedcubers worldwide. The official competitions are monitored by the World Cube Association (WCA), here speed cubes can set official times and records in various disciplines. A competition lasts between one and four days.

Each competition is supervised by a WCA delegate . The WCA delegate is responsible for the orderly and rule-compliant implementation of the competition.

Course of an attempt

The cube is first twisted by the so-called scramblers according to computer-generated instructions for all participants. Then the participant starts the attempt under the supervision of a judge . The Speedcuber may hold the cube in hand for a maximum of 15 seconds and inspect it; this inspection time does not count towards the solution time (in blind disciplines it does, here it is counted). Then the die must be put down and both hands placed on the timer. If the inspection lasts longer than 15 seconds, a 2 second time penalty is added. If the Speedcuber takes longer than 17 seconds to inspect the cube, the attempt is invalid ( DNF = Did not finish ). So-called Stackmat timers are used to measure the times precisely : The time starts when the hands are lifted from the timer and stops when both hands are on the timer again. If one side is rotated by more than 45 ° after the end of the attempt (this dimension varies with other puzzle variants, see WCA regulations), a 2 second time penalty is also added. If it takes two or more moves to solve the die, it counts as a DNF.

Events

Pyraminx. Estonian Open 2011.

The official competitions of the WCA comprise 17 disciplines, so-called events, although not every competition offers all events:

Surname puzzle description
2x2x2 cube Pocket Cube Solve in the shortest possible time
3x3x3 cube Rubik's Cube Solve in the shortest possible time
3x3x3 one-handed Rubik's Cube One-handed release in the shortest possible time
3x3x3 blind Rubik's Cube Blind solving after looking at the cube in the shortest possible time
3x3x3 multi blind Rubik's Cube Blind solving of several dice after viewing in the shortest possible time
3x3x3 fewest moves Rubik's Cube Working out the shortest possible solution within an hour
4x4x4 cube 4x4 Solve in the shortest possible time
4x4x4 blind 4x4 Blind solving after looking at the cube in the shortest possible time
5x5x5 cube 5x5 Solve in the shortest possible time
5x5x5 blind 5x5 Blind solving after looking at the cube in the shortest possible time
6x6x6 cube 6x6 Solve in the shortest possible time
7x7x7 cube 7x7 Solve in the shortest possible time
Megaminx Megaminx Solve in the shortest possible time
Pyraminx Pyraminx Solve in the shortest possible time
Square-1 Square-1 Solve in the shortest possible time
Skewb Skewb Solve in the shortest possible time
Clock Rubik's watch Solve in the shortest possible time

On January 1st, 2013 the following disciplines were removed from the list of official disciplines:

On January 1st, 2020, removing a 3 × 3 × 3 with the feet was removed from the list of official disciplines.

World records

Rotating puzzle World Records (Single Solve) World records (Average Solve)
Result Record holder date Result Record holder date
2 × 2 × 2 0.49 seconds Maciej Czapiewski 19. – 20. March 2016 1.21 seconds Martin Vædele Egdal 20-21 October 2018
3 × 3 × 3 3.47 seconds Yusheng you 24.-25. November 2018 5.53 seconds Feliks Zemdegs November 10, 2019
3 × 3 × 3 one-handed 6.82 seconds Max Park October 12, 2019 9.42 seconds Max Park 15.-16. September 2018
3 × 3 × 3 blindfolded 15.50 seconds Max Hilliard 1st - 4th August 2019 18.18 seconds Jeff Park December 14, 2019
3 × 3 × 3 Fewest moves 16 moves Sebastiano Tronto 15.-16. June 2019 21.00 trains Cale Schoon 18. – 19. January 2020
3 × 3 × 3 Multiple Blindfolded 59/60 in 59:46 minutes Graham Siggins 8-10 November 2019
3 × 3 × 3 with feet 15.56 seconds Mohammed Aiman ​​Koli 27.-28. December 2019 19.90 seconds Lim Hung 21-22 December 2019
4 × 4 × 4 17.42 seconds Sebastian Weyer 13-15 September 2019 21.11 seconds Max Park 1st December 2019
4 × 4 × 4 blindfolded 1: 02.51 minutes Stanley Chapel 15th December 2019 1: 08.76 minutes Stanley Chapel 15th December 2019
5 × 5 × 5 34.92 seconds Max Park January 25, 2020 39.65 seconds Max Park 22-23 June 2019
5 × 5 × 5 blindfolded 2: 21.62 minutes Stanley Chapel 15th December 2019 2: 27.63 minutes Stanley Chapel 15th December 2019
6 × 6 × 6 1: 09.51 minutes Max Park January 25, 2020 1: 15.90 minutes Max Park January 25, 2020
7 × 7 × 7 1: 40.89 minutes Max Park 1st - 4th August 2019 1: 46.57 minutes Max Park January 25, 2020
Megaminx 27.22 seconds Juan Pablo Huanqui 21-22 December 2019 30.39 seconds Juan Pablo Huanqui 10-11 August 2019
Pyraminx 0.91 seconds Dominik Górny 23–24 June 2018 1.86 seconds Tymon Kolasiński April 6, 2019
Square-1 4.95 seconds Jackey Zheng May 25, 2019 6.54 seconds Vicenzo Guerino Cecchini 14.-15. December 2019
Skewb 0.93 seconds Andrew Huang 11-14 July 2019 2.03 seconds Łukasz Burliga 16.-17. December 2017
Rubik's Clock 3.29 seconds Suen Ming Chi 23–24 March 2019 4.38 seconds Yunhao Lou 9-10 November 2019

As of November 3, 2019

  1. ↑ a b In most disciplines a participant has five attempts. The best and worst results are deleted and the average of the three remaining results is calculated. In the disciplines 3 × 3 × 3 blindfolded, 3 × 3 × 3 fewest moves, 6 × 6 × 6 and 7 × 7 × 7, however, the participant only has three attempts, from which the average of all three attempts is formed. The discipline 3x3x3 with feet was carried out with three attempts until December 31, 2017, but with 5 attempts since January 1, 2018. On January 1, 2020, the 3x3x3 with feet discipline was completely abolished. The 3 × 3 × 3 multiblind discipline has no average rating at all.

The fastest solution to the Rubik's Cube (3 × 3 × 3) by a robot was achieved by a machine designed by Ben Katz and Jared Di Carlo in March 2018 in just 0.38 seconds.

Web links

Wiktionary: Speedcubing  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Official WCA Regulations
  2. ^ Rules of the World Cube Association
  3. ↑ a b List of disciplines and records of the World Cube Association
  4. ↑ Tilman Wittenhorst: Machine solves magic cube in just 0.38 seconds . In: Heise online , March 10, 2018.