St. Jakobs Hospital (Trier)

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The St. Jakobs Hospital in Trier was a hospital in the Middle Ages, the yokes of the hospital church from 1360 were recently restored. Today there is an art gallery in the premises of the St.Jakobs-Hospital.

The beginnings of the hospital are unclear. As early as 1711, the city council of Trier reported to the electoral government in Ehrenbreitstein, "that due to a lack of older documents it could not be said when the hospital started, but according to all presumptions it was already before nine or several Saeculis." The city council moved the The hospital was founded around 800. The first mention of the hospital is in a will from around 1185. We learn from the testator that he “lives with St. James” ”. It can be assumed that under the patronage of St. Jakobus, like in other cities, formed a brotherhood in Trier during the 11th century. The task of this St. Jacob Brotherhood was to “accommodate and care for poor and sick pilgrims on their pilgrimage to Rome or San Jago de Compostella. Later the poor of the city were welcomed. The hospital will therefore have arisen from small beginnings without a formal foundation. "

1239 takes Pope Gregory IX. Masters and Brothers of the Hospital under his protection. The wording of the certificate is preserved in the so-called "Black Book" of the hospital. The black leather binding gave the certificate collection its name. The beneficial work of the hospital for poor relief - which needs no description here - came to an end with the French Revolution in 1794. After the visit of Emperor Napoleon in 1804, the Trier hospitals were combined at the request of the city fathers to form the "United Hospices" foundation in the former St. Irminenkloster. The news about the hospital buildings is also very sparse. The first hospital building already stood on the site of the current one. The oldest indulgence letter for the hospital, issued in Avignon in 1321, mentions the location in "Fleischgasse".

The main entrance faced Fleischstrasse and was separated from the street by a wall. A gate led into an inner courtyard. On the right side of the courtyard was the church, the choir of which ended on the east side of the Fleischstrasse. An old illustration shows that the choir wall had two windows. The first chapel (two altars were consecrated in 1332) had to give way to a new building in 1360. Two yokes of this are still preserved and have now been restored. The actual hospital building, which was attached behind the church, was rebuilt several times, most recently in 1751–53 according to plans by Johannes Seiz. - The city model in the Simeonsstift city museum shows this condition. - After the hospital was closed, some of the buildings were demolished around 1800, and some of them came into private ownership (still preserved in houses 2 and 3 in St. James' Hospital).

In 1806, the gate to Fleischstrasse was torn down, creating a (public) passage to Metzelstrasse, today's Jakobsspitälchen street. Two events put the St.Jakobs-Hospital in the context of the “great” city history. Around 1400 the hospital had three houses on the corner of Hauptmarkt and Dietrichstrasse. Around 1481 they became the property of the city, which had the Steipe built on this property. St. James, the first of the four stone figures, still remembers it today. In 1559, Caspar Olevian pioneered the Reformation in Trier. When the city council forbade him to preach, he still performed in the church of the Jakobusspital without paying any attention to the prohibitions.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Schönmann in: Annual Report of the Society for Useful Research ..., Trier 1854, p. 39.
  2. ↑ Mr. Livezeiz lives “apud S. Jacobum” and asks that his will be fulfilled “ob amoren S. Jacobi. Chr. Lager, Regesten des St. Jakobs-Hospital, in: Trierisches Archiv supplementary booklet XIV, 1914, p. III.
  3. ↑ sjb-trier.de: The importance of Trier as a stage destination - Trier as a city on the Way of St. James today ( Memento from October 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ Today Trier City Archives
  5. ↑ In the Festschrift der Vereinigte Hospitien in Trier, ed. by H. Pilgram u. a., Trier 1980, R. Laufner also deals with the “History of the St. Jakob Civic Hospital”, pp. 54–58.
  6. ↑ Shown in Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz. The church monuments of the city of Trier . Düsseldorf 1938: St. Jakob's Hospital, p. 414 f., With older literature.

Coordinates: 49 ° 45 ′ 18 ″  N , 6 ° 38 ′ 14 ″  E