Urban development

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The theories on city ​​development provide theoretical approaches for the development of a city .

General

There are many such approaches, for example von Below, Ennen , Gierke, Haase, Keutgen, Pirenne , Planitz, Rietschel and Stoob.

Harold Carter's four theories of urban development are of central importance for geography .

The emergence of a city is usually not due to a single cause, but to a combination.

Hydraulic theory

This theory is based on the locally limited availability of water as the reason for urban development. It is applied by Carter to the dry areas of the Near East and the north of the Indian subcontinent.

Economic theory

Market and trade growth form the basis of this urban development theory. Merchant settlements are the typical example.

Theological theory

Here the development of the city takes place around a spatially fixed sanctuary . The Hindu cities, for example, are often a combination of theological and hydraulic city development.

Military theory

Here, the population's need for protection is the driving force and a protective gift (for example by building a wall around the settlement) is the impetus for urban development.

literature

  • Burkhard Hofmeister: urban geography. Westermann, Braunschweig 1999, ISBN 3-14-160298-0 .
  • Harold Carter: The Study of Urban Geography. Arnold, London 1972, ISBN 0713155957 .