Criminal case

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A criminal case is the subject of a legal dispute that is pending before a criminal court.

A criminal case is only initiated upon complaint. The most common form of which is the public prosecution by the prosecutor . There is also the rare form of private action .

Strictly speaking, the preliminary investigation that precedes a public complaint is not a criminal matter. It is carried out solely by the public prosecutor's office. The court is only involved in exceptional cases (investigating judge).

In Germany, criminal proceedings are regulated by law in the Code of Criminal Procedure (StPO). The same applies in Austria ( Austrian Code of Criminal Procedure ).

The ordinary courts are responsible for criminal matters (in Germany: District Court , Regional Court , Higher Regional Court , Federal Court of Justice ; see § 12 , § 13 GVG ).