Structural policy

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The structural policy is an umbrella term for the overall policy of economic policy measures to design the structure of the economy of a state. The aim of structural policy is to avoid or overcome structural crises that disrupt the overall economic equilibrium. With structural policy, changes in the economy that are caused by new products, globalization or structural change are weakened or made socially acceptable. Structural policy is implemented in the following forms:

  • as a regional structural policy that supports the establishment of industries in development areas through investment promotion measures
  • or as a sectoral structural policy , through subsidies and tax breaks
    • certain branches of the economy are retained for political reasons (conservation policy), e.g. mining , shipbuilding
    • Adjustments to structural change made easier (adjustment policy)
    • or certain promising technologies and branches of the economy (e.g. renewable energies ) and especially the use of artificial intelligence in modern industrial regions (design policy).

Structural policy is a sub-genre of process policy .

Structural policy instruments

The economic policy instruments that can be used to intervene in regional or sectoral sub-areas of the economy are extremely diverse. An economic policy intervention - especially in the social market economy - must always be measured against the social responsibility of the state towards its citizens. Reasons for such an intervention can include: the prevention of unemployment, the revitalization of rural areas, the preservation of a cultural asset (for example traditional work techniques in handicraft or agriculture), guaranteeing security of supply or environmental protection.

On fiscal policy , for example, come tax cuts instruments, increasing the demand by direct government contracts or subsidies in question to certain companies. In the field of foreign policy, some states rely on so-called protective tariffs in order to protect the domestic economy from foreign competition ( external protection ). Furthermore, measures are also conceivable that are intended to ensure protection of certain (sectoral or regional) areas from other domestic market participants, for example from competing companies ( internal protection ); In Germany, this means in particular the promotion of medium-sized companies.

See also

literature

  • Beer, Michael: Bavaria's boom in farming country. State planning and structural change in the Bavarian economy in rural areas from 1945 to 1975. Lulu, Morrisville 2008, ISBN 978-1-4092-0580-7
  • Ortlieb, Heinz-Dietrich / Dörge, Friedrich-Wilhelm: Economic order and structural policy ; Leske Verlag, Opladen 1970
  • Peters, Hans-Rudolf: Economic Policy ; 3rd edition, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2000; Pp. 193f, ISBN 3-486-25502-9
  • Schlecht, Otto: structural policy in the market economy ; Heymann, Cologne 1968

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Albrecht Bossert, Ekkehard von Knorring: VWL for social scientists. An introduction. UVK Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Konstanz with UVK / Lucius Munich, 2018, ISBN 978-3-8252-4904-5 , ISSN  2196-680X , p. 205-2012 .