Systemic-constructivist perspective

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Since the 1980s at the latest, a distinction has to be made between two directions under the term systemic-constructivist perspective (even if the transitions between these directions are fluid and both directions are often mixed with one another). The first direction is based on the sociological system theory of the Bielefeld School ( Niklas Luhmann and its further development by Helmut Willke and Dirk Baecker ). This direction is also known as systems theoretical constructivism or operational constructivism . Predecessors of this theory include the structural-functional systems theory of Parsons and a cybernetic system theory of the first order.

The second direction is based on a neurobiological, psychological, epistemological and communication-theoretical constructivism (the most important founders include Humberto Maturana , Francisco Varela , Gerhard Roth , Ernst von Glasersfeld and Heinz von Foerster , Siegfried J. Schmidt and Gebhard Rusch ). This also includes the relational constructivism based on these foundations, which is considered a systemic further development of radical constructivism .

Both directions relate to some common theoretical and logical operational fundamentals ( autopoiesis , observer linguistic, differentiation logic , etc.) and they can be used together. However, the goals of the underlying theories and thus also the possible applications differ. This becomes clear, for example, in the broad development of systemic-constructivist approaches in social work. The systemic-constructivist perspective based on Luhmann asks above all about the function of social systems in particular the social function of social work and deals with questions of help / non-help, case / no-case etc. and of "exclusion" and "inclusion ".

The systemic-constructivist perspective based on a neurobiological, psychological, epistemological and communication-theoretical constructivism asks above all about the function of interactions and deals with questions of help and control, influence and communication.

In the development of social work theory there are mixed situations, conclusions and transformations from both lines of tradition. For example, the methodically oriented work by Ulrich Pfeifer-Schaupp, Wolf Ritscher and Wilfried Hosemann, the post-modern, ambiguity-oriented work by Heiko Kleve and the basic and interaction theory work on a systemic-constructivist life -world orientation by Björn Kraus .

An overview of the different lines of tradition and their differences and similarities can be found in Volume 1 of the Systemic Impulse series published by Wolfgang Krieger.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ To the overview Müller, Klaus (1996): General System Theory. History, methodology and social science hermeneutics of a science program. Opladen: Leske + Budrich.
  2. ↑ Baecker, Dirk (1994): Social help as a functional system of society. Ztschr. F. Sociology, Vol. 23, pp. 93–110.
  3. ↑ ZB Merten, Roland (1997): Autonomy of Social Work. To determine the function as a discipline and profession. Weinheim / Munich.
  4. ↑ Cf. Hosemann, Wilfried / Geiling, Wolfgang (2005): Introduction to systemic social work. Freiburg: Lambertus.
  5. ↑ Björn Kraus (2013): Recognize and Decide. Basics and consequences of an epistemological constructivism for social work. Beltz Juventa, Weinheim / Basel.
  6. ↑ Pfeifer-Schaupp, Ulrich (1995): Beyond the family therapy. Systemic concepts in social work. Freiburg: Lambertus.
  7. ↑ Ritscher, Wolf (2007): Social work: systemic. A concept and its application. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
  8. ^ Hosemann, Wilfried / Geiling, Wolfgang (2005): Introduction to systemic social work. Freiburg: Lambertus.
  9. ↑ Kleve, Heiko (2003): Social Work Science, Systems Theory and Postmodernism: Foundations and Applications of a Theory and Method Program. Freiburg: Lambertus.
  10. ↑ Björn Kraus (2013): Recognize and Decide. Basics and consequences of an epistemological constructivism for social work. Beltz Juventa, Weinheim / Basel, Björn Kraus (2006): Lebenswelt and Lebensweltorientierung - a conceptual revision as an offer to a systemic-constructivist social work science. In: context. Journal of Systemic Therapy and Family Therapy. Issue 37/02, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, pp. 116–129. Also here: https://www.pedocs.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=12387
  11. ↑ Wolfgang (Ed.) (2010): Systemic Impulse. Theory approaches, new concepts and fields of application of systemic social work.