Table dating of the Minoan eruption

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The Minoan eruption of Santorini is dated differently by experts. The following table assigns the individual measurement data and views to the two main groups. Furthermore, relevant, supplementary dates are added. The numbers given in the middle three columns are years from the period “v. Chr. ". The time periods correspond formally to the time indications for the archaeological cultures of the Middle Helladic and the Late Helladic on the Greek mainland.

Eldest medium Recently +/-
Early dating:
Tsunami sediments, Palaikastro , Crete (bones, ceramics, volcanic ashes) 1680 1650 1620 30th
Olive tree, Thera (2002/2006, C14 with Delta 20 J Be10) 1646 1633 1620 13
Irish oak 1628
Anatolian wood ~ 1628
Pines from Sweden. Peat bog ~ 1628
White Mountains pines 1627
Olive tree, Thera (2002/2006, C14) 1626 1613 1600 13
Door threshold to Niemeier 1600
Late dating:
Olive tree, Thera (2002/2006, C14, recalibration 2018) 1600 1525
Deucalionic flood according to the Parian Chronicle 1529 1528
Storm stele of Ahmose I ("Tosen & Finsternis") according to Beckraht 1539 1528
Storm stele of Ahmose I ("Tosen & Finsternis") according to Hornung et al. 1528 1517
Storm stele of Ahmose I ("Tosen & Finsternis") after Schneider 1519 1508
Classical dating after the discovery of Akrotiri using ceramics.
Transition from SM IA to SM IB shortly before the onset of the so-called sea ​​style 		1520 1510
Relative chronology according to Evans / Warren / Hankey 1530 1500
Latest dating according to SCIEM 2000 under the direction of Manfred Bietak 1530 1500
Classical dating according to Marinatos (1939) 1550 1500 1450 50
Other events:
Avellino eruption , Vesuvius (1993) 1775
Avellino eruption , Vesuvius (C14) 1705 1660 1615 45
Mount St. Helens eruption , USA ~ 17 century
Ice cores Greenland (1987, acid, volcanic glass)
possibly from the eruption of Mount Aniakchak , Alaska
(> 10 km³ tephra, VEI = 6)		 1665 1645 1625 20th
Transition from phase SM I A to SM I B of the Minoan culture on Crete 1580 1480
Fall of the Minoan civilization on Crete (end of SM I B) 1490 1450 1430

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hendrik J. Bruins, Johannes van derpflicht, J. Alexander MacGillivray: The Minoan Santorini eruption and tsunami deposits in Palaikastro (Crete): Dating by geology, archeology, 14 C, and Egyptian chronology . In: Radiocarbon, Vol. 51, No. 2. Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona, 2009, pp. 397-411 , accessed May 2, 2011 .
  2. ^ Friedrich WL, Kromer B., Friedrich M., Heinemeier J., Pfeiffer T., Talamo S. (2006): Santorini eruption radiocarbon dated to 1627-1600 BC. In: Science 312 (5773): 548-548; doi: 10.1126 / science.1125087
  3. ^ Mari N. Jensen: Dating the Ancient Minoan Eruption of Thera Using Tree Rings. University of Arizona, August 15, 2018 (English).;
  4. ↑ a b c Karen Polinger Foster & Robert K. Ritner: "Text, storms and the Thera eruption", in: Journal of Near Eastern Studies 55, 1996, pp 1-14.
  5. ↑ Jürgen von Beckerath: Chronology of the Pharaonic Egypt. The timing of Egyptian history from prehistoric times to 332 BC Chr. , Verlag von Zabern, Mainz 1997. ISBN 3-8053-2310-7
  6. ↑ Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss & David A. Warburton (eds.): Ancient Egyptian Chronology , Brill, Leiden & Boston 2006. ISBN 9-0041-1385-1
  7. ^ Thomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen , Artemis & Winkler, Düsseldorf 1997. ISBN 3-7608-1102-7
  8. ^ Fritz Schachermeyr : The early Aegean period. Volume 2: Die Mykenische Zeit und die Gesittung von Thera , Vienna 1976, ISBN 3700101643 , pp. 82–86.
  9. ↑ Peter Warren & Vronwy Hankey: Aegean bronze age chronology , Bristol Classical Press, Bristol, 1989. ISBN 0-906515-67-X
  10. ^ The Synchronization of Civilizations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the 2nd Millennium BC. SCIEM 2000, November 18, 2008 (English).;
  11. ↑ Spyridon Marinatos: The Volcanic Destruction of Minoan Crete , in: Antiquity 13, 1939, pp. 425-439.