Mount Aniakchak
| Mount Aniakchak | ||
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| height | 1341 m | |
| location | Alaska , USA | |
| Mountains | Aleutian chain | |
| Coordinates | 56 ° 51 '36 " N , 158 ° 7' 51" W | |
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| Type | Stratovolcano | |
| Last eruption | 1931 | |
The Mount Aniakchak is a 1,341 m high stratovolcano in the Aleutian Range , Alaska , USA .
It is considered to be the most active volcano in the eastern Aleutian Trench . The surrounding caldera, 9.5 km in diameter and 600 m deep, is one of the largest in the world. It was created as a result of a volcanic eruption of magnitude 6 on the volcanic explosion index around 1645 BC. Chr. This outbreak is promptly Minoan eruption of the volcano Aegean island of Santorini and plays in the scientific debate about the dating a certain role. Traces of material in ice cores , which were first assigned to Santorini, are now associated with the Aniakchak.
Dating based on tephrochronology ( tephra and ash deposits) prove some other powerful eruptions of the volcano. Around 5250 BC A similarly strong eruption occurred as around 1645 BC. BC (ejection of at least 10 cubic kilometers of tephra). Further eruptions occurred around the year 200, 1220 ± 150, 1390 and around 1560 ± 50. During the last known explosive eruption from May 1 to mid-June 1931, around 0.4 ± 0.05 cubic kilometers of tephra were ejected.
The volcano and its surroundings have been under nature protection as the Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve since 1978 . As early as 1967, the Aniakchak crater was designated a National Natural Landmark . The Aniakchak River rises from Surprise Lake , a lake in the caldera .
Mount Aniakchak was explored several times in the 1930s by expeditions led by naturalist and Jesuit priest Bernard Hubbard , who toured the area both before and shortly after a major eruption in 1931. This resulted in numerous film recordings and photographs with which Hubbard held lecture tours for many years and thereby brought Aniakchak (and Alaska as a whole) closer to a wider public.
literature
- Bernard Hubbard: A world inside a mountain: Aniakchak, the new volcano wonderland of the Alaska Peninsula, is explored . National Geographic Society, 1931
Individual evidence
- ↑ Nicholas JG Pearce et al .: Identification of Aniakchak (Alaska) tephra in Greenland ice core challenges the 1645 BC date for Minoan eruption of Santorini , in: Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 5, 2004. doi : 10.1029 / 2003GC000672
- ↑ National Natural Landmark: Aniakchak Crater on nps.gov
- ^ Father Hubbard's Geological Wonder World: Perpetuating the "Moon Crater Myth" in Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve . in: Katherine Johnson Ringsmith: Beyond the Moon Crater Myth: A New History of the Aniakchak Landscape: A Historic Resource Study for Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve. Dept. of Interior National Park Service Aniak
Web links
- Mount Aniakchak in the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution (English)
- Aniakchak at the Alaska Volcano Observatory (English)