Taekwondo terms
In the language area of the Korean martial art Taekwondo , different terms are sometimes used for the various techniques, disciplines, body parts, etc. This is due to the Chinese influences in the Korean language on the one hand, but also to the different philosophy and politics of the Taekwondo World Associations on the other. Since there is also no uniform, standardized translation of Taekwondo terms into German, corresponding words have been formed from the Korean terms of the spoken language over time, so that sometimes up to four or more spellings exist for a term (e.g. for "beginning of the exercise": Schisuck , Schisack , Jisuck , Shee Jahk , Sijak ).
In this article, in addition to the (usually uniform) German term, the Korean spelling acc. called the revised Romanization , as well as the spelling in Hangeul and Hanja . In addition, the individual terms, if necessary, are explained briefly and in key words.
In Taekwondo, all four limbs of the body are used for defense and attack. A distinction is made between (defense) blocks ( Makgi ), kicks ( Chagi ), punches ( Jireugi ), finger stabs ( Tulki ) and punches ( Taerigi ).
The following are the most important Taekwondo terms, sorted according to meaning groups.
Disciplines
| German | Hangeul | Hanja | Romanized | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mold run |
형 , 품새 ( 태극 ), 틀 |
形 / 型 , 太極 |
hyeong , pumsae (taegeuk, palgwe), teul |
Shadow fight against imaginary opponents; different naming / different techniques and processes depending on the association |
| primary school | 기본 연습 | 基本 鍊 習 | gibon yeonseup | Individual techniques are carried out several times in a row |
| gymnastics | 체조 | chejo | Strength, conditioning and stretching exercises | |
| theory | 이론 | 理論 | iron | Taekwondo principles, history, legal basis, etc. |
| Self defense | 호신술 | 護身 술 | hosinsul | Counter and lever techniques while standing and lying down |
| Break test | 격파 | 擊破 | gyeokpa | Prove the effectiveness of the techniques learned: smashing boards, coconuts, stones, etc. |
| One step struggle | 일보 대련 | ilbo daeryeon | The defender blocks one of the attacker's techniques and counters with a counterattack | |
| Two step fight | 이보 대련 | ibo daeryeon | The defender blocks two attack techniques of the attacker by walking backwards and then counters with a counterattack | |
| Three-step fight | 삼보 대련 | sambo daeryeon | The defender blocks three attack techniques of the attacker walking backwards and then counters with a counterattack | |
| Free (competition) fight |
자유 대련 , 겨루기 |
jayu daeryeon, gyeorugi |
Full contact, semi-contact or light contact |
Common Terms
| German | Hangeul | Hanja | Romanized | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grandmaster | 사범 (님) | 師範 任 | sabeom (nim) | depending on the association / style from 4th / 5th / 6th Dan |
| master | 교사 (님) | 敎 師 任 | gyosa (nim) | depending on the association / style partly from 1st Dan / partly from 4th Dan |
| Advanced student | 선배 (님) | 先輩 任 | seonbae (nim) | |
| Master degree | 단 | Dan | ||
| Student grade | 급 | Kup | ||
| Exercise room | 도장 | 道場 | dojang | |
| Taekwondo suit | 도복 | 道 服 | dobok | |
| jacket | 상의 | 上衣 | sang-ui | |
| trousers | 하의 | 下 衣 | ha-ui | |
| belt | 띠 | tti | ||
| Battle cry | 기합 | 氣 合 | gihap (spoken: kihab) | gi = strength, hap = concentration |
Commands
General commands
| German | Hangeul | Hanja | Romanized | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| To prepare | 준비 | 準備 | junbi | prepare for the next exercise |
| Caution | 차렷 | cha-ryeot | Take a stand, be silent, listen | |
| Greet, bow | 경례 | 敬禮 | gyeong-nye | |
| To the national flags | 국기 에 대하여 | 國旗 에 對 하여 | gukki-e daehayeo | Salute and bow towards the Korean country flags |
| begin | 시작 | 始 作 | sijak | Start of the exercise |
| The End | 그만 | geuman | End of exercise | |
| Back to the starting position | 바로 | baro | ||
| Reverse direction of movement |
돌아 , 뒤로 돌아 |
dora, dwirodora |
Competition commands
| German | Hangeul | Hanja | Romanized | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disconnect, interruption | 갈려 | gallyeo | ||
| Continue fighting | 계속 | 繼續 | gyesok | |
|
Competition colors : red blue white |
홍 청 백 |
紅 靑 白 |
hong cheong baek |
|
| One point for (color) | (Color) 하나 득 | (Color) 하나 得 | (Color) hana deuk | |
| 2 points for (color) | (Color) 둘 득 | (Color) 둘 得 | (Color) dul deuk | |
| Minus point | 감점 | 減 點 | gamjeom | |
| Time to end | 시간 | 時間 | sigan | |
| Winner (color) | (Color) 승 | (Color) 勝 | (Color) seung |
Directions of movement
| German | Hangeul | Hanja | Romanized | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | 앞 | ap | ||
| Back | 뒤 | dwi | ||
| Laterally | 옆 | yeop | ||
| Up, lifted | 추켜 | chukyeo | ||
| Down | 내려 | naeryeo | ||
| Inside | 안 | on | ||
| Inside | 안으로 | aneuro | ||
| Outside | 바깥 | bakkat | ||
| Outward | 밖으로 | bakkeuro | ||
| Rotate | 돌아 | dora | ||
| Turned, round | 돌려 | dollyeo | ||
| In the jump, jumped | 뛰며 | ttwimyeo | ||
| Right | 오른 | oreun | ||
| Left | 왼 | open | ||
| in a straight line, (very) straight, upright, straight, direct | 바로 | baro | ||
| Vice versa, opposite, the other way around | 반대 | 反對 | bandae | |
| Lower tier | 하단 | 下 段 | hadan | Defense or attack in the genital or leg area (body zone "arae" see below) |
| Medium level | 중단 | 中段 | jungdan | Defense or attack in the stomach / chest area (body zone "momtong" see below) |
| Upper tier | 상단 | 上 段 | sangdan | Defense or attack in the neck / head area (body zone "eolgul" see below) |
Foot positions (seogi)
Depending on the Taekwondo association, the naming of the foot positions and the distance and angle of the feet can be different.
| German | Hangeul | Hanja | Romanized | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parallel position | 나란히 서기 | naranhi seogi | Basic position at junbi . Legs shoulder width apart, both feet pointing forward | |
| Forward stance | 전굴 서기 | jeongul seogi | Gear position. Legs shoulder width apart, step stance, feet both pointing forward. 70% weight on the front leg. | |
| Backward position | 후굴 서기 |
hugul seogi
ap gubi |
L position. Legs shoulder width apart, feet form an "L", 70% weight on the back leg. | |
| Sideways position | 기마 서기 or 주춤 서기 | gima seogi or juchum seogi | Equestrian position. Legs two shoulders apart, body deep, both feet pointing forward. | |
| Closed position | 모아 서기 | moa seogi | Feet together, both feet pointing forward. | |
| Attention position | 차렷 서기 | charyeot seogi | V position. Heels touch, feet 90 ° apart. | |
| Battle stance | 구부려 서기 | guburyeo seogi | on one leg, the other tightly drawn. | |
| Rigid reverse position | 고정 서기 | gojeong seogi | Similar to hugulseogi , but the weight is evenly distributed on both legs. | |
| Crossover position | 교차 서기 | gyocha seogi | Both legs are crossed, the back leg supports the hollow of the knee of the front leg with the knee. | |
| Deep forward stance | 낮춰 서기 | natchwo seogi | Similar to jeongulseogi , but the step position is bigger, the center of gravity is lower. | |
| Back leg position | 뒷발 서기 | dwitbal seogi | Cat position. Similar to the L position, but both feet are closer together, the front leg is only supported on the ball of the foot. |
Block techniques (makgi)
Blocks are executed with the forearm (outside or inside), with the edges of the hand, with the knee or lower leg to fend off opposing blows.
Forearm blocks
| German | Hangeul | Hanja | Romanized | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sideways block on the inside of the forearm | 안 팔목 옆 막기 | to palmok yeopmakgi | ||
| Block below forearm outside | 바깥 팔목 하단 막기 | bakkat palmok hadan makgi | ||
| Block upwards forearm outside | 바깥 팔목 추켜 막기 | bakkat palmok chukyeo makgi | ||
| Double outer forearm block | 쌍 바깥 팔목 막기 | ssang bakkat palmok makgi | ||
| Block above forearm outside | 바깥 팔목 상단 막기 | bakkat palmok sangdan makgi | ||
| Wedge block forearm outside | 바깥 팔목 헤쳐 막기 | bakkat palmok hechyeo makgi | ||
| Circular block on the inside of the forearm | 안 팔목 돌려 막기 | to palmok dollyeo makgi |
Edge of the hand blocks
| German | Hangeul | Hanja | Romanized | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Double palm block | 쌍 수도 막기 | ssang sudo makgi | ||
| Forearm protection block | 팔목 대비 막기 | palmok daebi makgi | ||
| Edge of the hand protection block | 수도 대비 막기 | sudo daebi makgi |
Knee blocks
| German | Hangeul | Hanja | Romanized | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Knee block inwards | 안 무릎 막기 | to mureup makgi | ||
| Outward knee block | 바깥 무릎 막기 | bakkat mureup makgi |
Punches (jireugi)
The movement of the punch comes mainly from the shoulder and upper arm. There is therefore no extensive backward movement so that the opponent does not recognize the intention to strike too early. At the last moment before hitting the target, the forearm is rotated; this gives additional strength and effectiveness. The meeting point is exclusively the index and middle finger knuckles of the fist.
| German | Hangeul | Hanja | Romanized | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Index and middle finger knuckles | 정권 | jeong-gwon | ||
| Front punch | 정권 지르기 | jeong-gwon jireugi | ||
| double punch | 쌍권 지르기 | ssang-gwon jireugi | with both fists at the same time | |
| upside down punch | Tyjibo jireugi | Fist pointing downwards | ||
| Punch upwards | 세워 지르기 | sewo jireugi | Uppercut |
Kicks (chagi)
When it comes to kicks, a distinction is made between snap kicks and twisted kicks. When you snap, the attacking leg is pulled bent to the body and then thrown forward forcefully. This means that all leg muscles (buttocks, thighs and lower legs) as well as the hips can help build strength for the kick. When the step is rotated, the leg accelerates more from a body and / or hip rotation. The leg is swung along and virtually thrown into the target.
Attacking surfaces when stepping are usually the ball of the foot, heel, instep or edge of the foot.
| German | Hangeul | Hanja | Romanized | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forward kick | 앞차기 | apchagi | Snap forward | |
| Backward kick | 뒤차기 | dwichagi | Snap backwards | |
| Downward kick | 내려 차기 | naeryeochagi | Ax kick, kick downwards. The meeting point is the pick, the target can be the opponent's shoulder or cover. | |
| Sideways kick | 옆차기 | yeopchagi | Snap to the side | |
| Instep kick | 발등 차기 | baldeungchagi | Any step with the instep, mostly the semicircle step is meant | |
| Semicircle step (round step) | 돌려 차기 | dollyeochagi | Round kick from outside (with ball of the foot or instep) | |
| Reverse semicircle kick | 반대 돌려 차기 | bandae dollyeochagi | Backward kick, hit with heel or sole | |
| Knee strike | 무릎 차기 | mureupchagi | ||
| Winding step | 비틀어 차기 | biteureochagi | ||
| (Shin) kick | 다리 차기 | darichagi | ||
| Vertical step | 세워 안 차기 | Sewo-an-Chagi | Vertical step (from outside to inside) | |
| Vertical step | 세워 바깥 차기 | Sewo-Bakkat-Chagi | Vertical step (inside out) | |
| Tension semicircle step | 발퉁 돌려 차기 | Baltung-Dolleyo-Chagi | Half-circle kick with the instep |
Stitches (tulki)
| German | Hangeul | Hanja | Romanized | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vertical fingertip stitch | Chongkwansu Tulki | |||
| Horizontal fingertip stitch | Pyongkwansu Tulki |
Blows (taerigi)
| German | Hangeul | Hanja | Romanized | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edge of the hand flap | 수도 옆 때리기 | Sudo Yeop Taerigi | ||
| Fist blow | 리권 때리기 | Rikwon Taerigi | ||
| Edge of the hand blow inwards | 수도 안으로 때리기 | Sudo Anuro Taerigi | ||
| Elbow strike forward (horizontal) | 앞 팔굽 때리기 | Ap Palgup Taerigi |
Body zones
| German | Hangeul | Hanja | Romanized | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| face | 얼굴 | eolgul | Above the collarbone | |
| hull | 몸통 | momtong | From the collarbone to the navel | |
| Abdominal zone | 아래 | naeryeo | From the navel down |
parts of the body
- Body - mom , 몸
- Foot - bal , 발
- Ball of the foot - apchuk , 앞축
- Sole of the foot - balbadak , 발바닥
- Instep, instep - baldeung , 발등
- Foot edge - ballal , 발날
- Palm - batangson , 바탕 손
- Ball of the hand, palm - janggwon , 장권, 掌 拳
- Front fist - jeong-gwon , 정권
- Leg - dari 다리
- Waist - heori , 허리
- Fingertips - gwansu , 관수, 貫 手
- Faust - gwon , 권, 拳
- Neck - mok , 목
- Head - meori , 머리
- Knee - mureup , 무릎
- Hollow of the knee - ogeum , 오금
- Face - eolgul , 얼굴
- Hull - momtong , 몸통
- Arm - pal , 팔
- Elbow - palgup , 팔굽
- Forearm - palmok , 팔목
- Inside of the forearm - an palmok , 안 팔목
- Forearm outside - bakkat palmok , 바깥 팔목
- Fist back - rigwon , 리권
- Wrist - sonmok , 손목
- Hand edge - sunny; sudo 손날; 수도, 手 刀
-
Palm edge - sonnal Deung; yeok sudo 손날 등; 역수 도
thumb side -
Page Faust - yukwon
(fist floor)
numbers
- 1 - hana , 하나
- 2 - dul , 둘
- 3 - set , 셋
- 4 - net , 넷
- 5 - daseot , 다섯
- 6 - yeoseot , 여섯
- 7 - ilgop , 일곱
- 8 - yeodeolp , 여덟
- 9 - ahop , 아홉
- 10 - yeol , 열
- 11 - yeol hana , 열하나
- 12 - yeol dul , 열둘
- 20 - seumul , 스물
- 21 - seumul hana , 스물 하나
- 30 - seoreun , 서른
- 40 - maheun , 마흔
- 50 - swin , 쉰
- 60 - yesun , 예순
- 70 - ilheun , 일흔
- 80 - yeodeun , 여든
- 90 - aheun , 아흔
- 100 - baek , 백, 百
Technology description
In order to give the student a technique, the trainer usually uses a (more or less) fixed command scheme:
Foot position - executing body part - body height / step - direction - side - defense / attack designation
The word Seogi can be omitted for the foot positions . Likewise, the command part can be omitted, which is nonsensical to mention in a technology or which arises by itself.
Examples (for a better understanding with - between the individual command parts):
- Hugul (Seogi) - An Palmok - Chungdan - Bakkeuro - Paro - Yop - Makgi
L-position - inner forearm - middle step (height) - outwards - equilateral - lateral - block - Jeongul (Seogi) - Jeong-gwon - Sangdan - Pandae - Jireugi
forward position - fist - upper step (height) - unequal - punch - Guburyeo (Seogi) - Chungdan - Ap Chagi fighting stance - medium level (height) - forward kick