Particle packet
A particle packet or bunch is a group of similar particles that move spatially and temporally together in a particle accelerator . It can be any type of charged particle, e.g. B. electrons , positrons , protons , antiprotons or heavy ions . The electrons in the klystron also form such packages.
The high-frequency alternating fields used in modern accelerators for acceleration cannot generate a continuous beam. Instead, the particles collect in the high-frequency buckets - those points in the electromagnetic wave where particles can be transported stably - and thereby form particle bunches. There are no particle gaps between the packages.
The most important characteristics of a particle packet are its charge and its expansion (bunch length and emittance ).