The Cream (testosterone)
The Cream was a mixture of synthetic testosterone and epitestosterone marketed in the 1980s by Viktor Conte , founder of the Burlingame Bay Area Laboratory Co-Operative . It was used as a masking substance for steroids .
At the beginning of the 1980s, Manfred Donike and Johann Zimmermann from the Institute for Biochemistry at the Sport University in Cologne discovered that synthetic testosterone is broken down more slowly in the human body than endogenous testosterone to form the breakdown product epitestosterone. The ingestion of synthetic testosterone is therefore expressed in a greatly increased ratio of testosterone / epitestosterone in the body. The testosterone / epitestosterone ratio, which is abbreviated as the T / E ratio, has been checked in international competitions since 1982 and is around 1: 1 in healthy people. In order to take individual fluctuations into account, Donike and Zimmermann suggested a limit value of 6: 1.
The additional intake of The Cream enabled athletes to correct their T / E ratio to a value below the limit value so that they would not be suspicious of doping tests.
Web links
- Amy Shipley: This Is Very Clever Chemistry , The Washington Post, December 4, 2004
Individual evidence
- ↑ Brigitte Berendonk : Doping documents - From research to fraud. Springer, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-540-53742-2 , pp. 18, 207.
- ↑ Mark Fainaru-Wada, Lance Williams: Game of Shadows. Gotham, 2006, p. 57.