Topčidersko brdo
Topčidersko brdo (Serbian Топчидерско Брдо) is a landmark and district of Belgrade in the Savski Venac district . The residential and forest district, distinguished by the residential complexes of the villas on the Dedinje and Senjak as well as the royal castles, formerly also served as the residence of the Serbian princes and kings, Yugoslav monarchs, the communist Yugoslav President Tito, and subsequently the Yugoslav and Serbian presidents. The most important state guests of the President of Serbia are received in the Vila Mir . At the foot of the Topčidersko brdo is the new Belgrade main train station, which was built in place of the former poverty settlement Jatagan mala. In the Topčiderska reka valley, the Topčider train station , a former reception station for the nobility and a representative station for state receptions.
location
Topčidersko brdo (from Turkish and Persian topcuk meaning cannon hill) is located 4 km south of the city center, with which it is directly connected by Knez Miloš ul . The main street of Topčidersko brdo is the Bulevar Vojvoda Putnik east of Topčiderska zvezda. The western slope of the Topčidersko brdo to the Save forms the district Senjak, the northern slope falling to Mokroluški potok to the district Dedinje. The cut of the Mokroluški potok forms the border to the Vračar. The settlement areas in Mokroluški potok formed an informal poor district from the First World War until the 1960s. The Roma poverty settlement Jatagan mala , where up to 6000 people lived, stood here until the Second World War . With the construction of the Gazela Bridge and the establishment of the Mostarska-petlja intersection, the poor area was abandoned. From the 1970s onwards, concrete plans for the new Belgrade Central Station began. This was already provided for in the 1920s as Jatagan mala station in the general city regulation of Belgrade. The last part of the informal settlements in the district is the Maleško brdo, which borders the Prokop train station. The extensive tree-lined park called Hyde Park extends on the north-western slope. This is adjacent to the fenced area of the former Tito residence with today's Museum of the History of Yugoslavia. To the south, Topčidersko brdo is characterized by the barracks of the guard and the two royal castles. In place of the old Maršalat, which was destroyed during the NATO bombing in 1999, there is now the embassy of the United States of America, which was moved here from Belgrade city center after the protests in 2008. The Topčiderska reka borders the district to the west. The main route of the Serbian railways to the Adriatic, the Aegean and the Black Sea runs here. At the foot of the Topčicersko brdo lies the Milošev konak, the residence of Prince Miloš Obrenović and the locomotive shed of the Plavi voz, the SFRY's state train used by Tito.
Geology and geomorphology
Geologically, neogene sediments dominate - Sarmatian limestones, marls and mergly mudstones. The north-western and western slopes are covered by cretaceous limestone. The river cuts in the Mokroluški potok and the Topčiderska reka form alluvions. Part of the Topčiderer Park is made up of Cretaceous sandstones and calcarenites. The district is characterized by the NNW-SSE sweeping rounded ridge of the Topčiderer hill and in Dedinje. A first significant ascent from the north takes place from 80 m in the Mokrolusker Bach (today capitulated) where today the city motorway is to the height mark of the actual Topčiderer hill at 178 m above sea level. as well as a flatter ascent to the Dedinj hill at 210 m above sea level. The Topčiderer tunnel, which was built as a result of the Belgrade railway junction , runs through the ridge .
history
When Serbia became an autonomous principality under Miloš Obrenović in the first half of the 19th century, but under the curate of the Ottoman Pasha in Belgrade and Smederevo, a similar residence was built in Belgrade in addition to the actual residence in Kragujevac. Since Belgrade had a predominantly Muslim population in addition to the Ottoman military occupation of the fortress, Miloš Obrenović, in contrast to Princess Ljubica, who had her Konak ( Konak of Princess Ljubica ) built in the Serbian quarter of Belgrade, moved to a location outside the Belgrade Schanze. In Topčider the Konak of Prince Miloš and the park of Topčider, which quickly turns into a popular destination of Belgrade emerged. The Košutnjak hill on the left side of the Topčiderska reka was the hunting ground of the aristocracy, which function it retained until the beginning of the 20th century. After the Obrenović dynasty was ousted in 1903, King Alexander I, as a representative of the Karađorđe dynasty, founded a castle ensemble that contributed to the rise of Dedinje to the posh district of Belgrade: the Royal Castle (“Kraljevski dvor”) and the White Castle (“ Beli dvor "). The first government meeting under General Dušan Simović was held in Vila Užička 15 (villa of the Acović family), which before the World War had one of the safest air raid shelters . Even Alexander Löhr taught in 1941 as governor of Serbia during the German occupation in the Vila Uzicka 15 his residence, the army leadership of the guerrilla moved here in October 1944 following the Belgrade Offensive her staff, as well as Tito officially resided here since 23 October 1944th Tito confiscated both royal castles and Vila Užička 15, which became the centers of his political rule in Yugoslavia. So the "Forbidden City of Belgrade" with the separately secured villa complexes of Užička 11-15 was created around the former Vila Acović. On Tito's 60th birthday, the Republic of Slovenia gave him a hunting lodge made of larch wood. As Tito's personal residences, the most important state receptions of Yugoslavia took place in Užička 15 and especially in Beli Dvor. On the lower slope, the May 25th Museum was built in the 1960s, today the Museum of the History of Yugoslavia. In 1979 the Vila Mir was the last building to be built in the complex, but Tito no longer moved into it due to his deteriorating health. After Tito's death, he was buried at his request on the grounds of his residence in the so-called House of Flowers ("Kuća cveča"). From 1992 Slobodan Milošević took over the residences of Tito, since 1996 the Vila Mir served as the official seat of the President of Yugoslavia, the Užička 15th formed after the renovation in 1997 the official seat of Milošević. When a bomb was dropped in 1999 on Milošević's apartment at Užička 15, a failed attempt to liquidate the government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was made by NATO. Milošević lived from 1999 until he was extradited to the War Crimes Tribunal in The Hague on June 28, 2002 in the Vila Mir. Today it is a representative reception building in Serbia. Joe Biden, Sergej Lavrov, Xi Jinping and Angela Merkel were received here.
After the First World War until 1957 Topčidersko brdo formed a municipality in Belgrade. Since 1957, the district was merged with Savski Venac and Zapadni Vračar to form the municipality of Savski Venac.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Glas Javnosti, April 23, 1999 The war on April 23, 1999
- ↑ Politika, November 29, 2008 Vila “Mir” - iz postmoderne u kič
- ↑ Sve tajne Titove vile u koju nikad nije ušao
- ↑ Degrees Beograd Savski Venac