Drinking water supply system
Drinking water supply systems with a supply from springs or via wells essentially consist of 3 structures which, for public supplies, must comply with the "generally recognized rules of technology". These are described in detail in the regulations of the DVGW / ÖVGW worksheets. Essentially, these are spring taps (some with integrated spring rooms), spring collecting shafts and drinking water storage tanks (mostly designed as elevated tanks). Depending on the local conditions, pressure breakers, valve shafts or deacidification systems can also be used.
Source version
A source is the place where groundwater escapes to the surface of the earth due to special geological storage conditions. This can be natural as well as artificial from spring taps. In crevices and crevices of weathered and heavily tectonically stressed mountains stand or circulate water that is not directly attributable to spring water. They are called crevice or crevice waters. The temperatures of spring waters are different due to their geothermal depth. A distinction is made between cold, warm and hot springs, with springs with a temperature above 20 ° C being referred to as thermal baths. According to geohydrological aspects, it is divided into stratified sources, overflow sources, accumulation sources, fault sources, crevice sources and sources of uplift.
The entire area of the source including dams, filter section, piping up to the fencing of the facility is part of the source capture according to the DVGW worksheet
Shaft or well
The well is a system that is used to obtain groundwater, which is supplied to consumers for drinking and useful purposes. There are different types of wells that are selected and created differently depending on the environment. When the well is sunk down to the groundwater carrier, which is the impermeable layer below the groundwater, one speaks of a perfect well. On the other hand, an imperfect well is spoken of if the well is only immersed in the groundwater layer. A distinction is made between dug shaft wells and drilled wells. The corresponding structures are called according to Regulations for a well shaft or, in the case of a drilled well, a drilled well shaft.
Source collecting shaft
Collected spring water emerges in this shaft for the first time. According to DVGW worksheet W 127, the structure consists of a container with access from above or through a door into a drying room. One or more sources are combined in the container. As a rule, each source is led into its own chamber for desanding and calming, and from there via measuring weirs into a collecting basin. From there, the instructions are sent to the memory. Depending on the requirements, very different versions are used. Only materials that are approved for use in drinking water may be used. This also applies to the grout, concrete coatings, cement or plastics used.
Well room
If water is diverted from the drinking water supply system to supply village wells or the like, so-called well shafts, which are necessary for operational safety, can be connected upstream. If a water chamber is integrated in the well, this is a well room.
Many parts of water supply systems are incorrectly referred to as wells.