Typikon

Typikon ( Greek Τυπικόν ) describes the written definition of liturgical or other regulations that are necessary for the life of spiritual, especially monastic communities, especially the Byzantine rite . Separately or in combination, the founder stipulates the ordinances of monastic life (typika ktetorika) and ordinances for divine service in the annual cycle ( "Synaxaria" ). The Orthodox Churches and the Eastern Catholic Churches of the Byzantine rite follow such typics, which were originally often monastic , especially in everyday liturgical life and in fasting .

The “Typikon” (alternatively “[Kanonarion-] Synaxarion”) is also used to describe the liturgical order of cathedrals, such as the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople (old “Typikon of the Great Church” alias “ Synaxarium ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae”), or of monasteries. Such writings come across as appendices or parts of biblical and hagiographic reading books used in worship or as independent works.

The liturgical typicon of the Palestinian Laura Mar Saba was widely used . In Constantinople's form, revised several times, it has become the guideline of the churches of Byzantine tradition to this day.

Because of the difficult connection between monastic exercises and the situation in the parish churches, adapted revisions were created in the 19th century (1838 and 1888) in the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople , which circulate under the name "Typicon of the Great Church of Christ".

literature

Andreas-Abraham Thiermeyer : The Typikon-Ktetorikon and its literary-historical context. In: Orientalia Christiana Periodica 58 (1992), pp. 475-513.
John Klentos: The typology of the typikon as liturgical document , in: The Theotokos Evergetis and Eleventh-century Monasticism. (BBTT 6.1) Ed. by Margaret Mullet - Anthony Kirby. Belfast 1994, 294-305.
Martin Lüstraeten: The handwritten Arabic translations of the Byzantine typicon. Witnesses of the Arabization and Byzantization of the Melkite liturgy (Jerusalem Theological Forum 31). Aschendorff, Münster 2017. ISBN 978-3-402-11039-3 .

Individual evidence

↑ See J. Thomas: The imprint of Sabaitic Monasticism . In: The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church from the 5th century to the present (Orientalia Loevaniensia Analecta 98). Leuven 2001, 77-82. The correct version of the title: ... τῆς ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ἁγίας Λαύρας τοῦ ... πατρὸς ἡμῶν Σάββα, is often misleadingly abbreviated in modern times to: Τόυπικὸν τοθὁ ὁσῶου καν τοθ ὁσυου πρατε βρυς πρατε όρου Σρατε όρου Σρατε όρόυε πρατε όρυ Σραμτε όραυ Σραμτε όρουε πρατε όρουε πρατε όροε όρατε . Sabbas . The typicon goes back to the medieval monastery, not to its late antique founder.

Web links

bibliography
Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents. A Complete Translation of the Surviving Founder's Typika and Testaments. Ed. by John Thomas and Angela Constantinides Hero with the assistance of Giles Constable, 5 Vol. Dumbarton Oaks Research Libr. and Coll., Washington 2000.
First printing of the Sabas typicon Venice 1545 .
Typicon of the Great Church of Christ. Constantinople 1838 (Editor: Konstantinos Byzantios, † June 30, 1862)
Greek typicon based on the “Typicon of the Great Church of Christ”. Constantinople 1888.
Τυπικὸν τῆς Μεγάλης τοῦ Χριστοῦ ᾽Εκκλησίας 2018

[1] See J. Thomas: The imprint of Sabaitic Monasticism . In: The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church from the 5th century to the present (Orientalia Loevaniensia Analecta 98). Leuven 2001, 77-82. The correct version of the title: ... τῆς ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ἁγίας Λαύρας τοῦ ... πατρὸς ἡμῶν Σάββα, is often misleadingly abbreviated in modern times to: Τόυπικὸν τοθὁ ὁσῶου καν τοθ ὁσυου πρατε βρυς πρατε όρου Σρατε όρου Σρατε όρόυε πρατε όρυ Σραμτε όραυ Σραμτε όρουε πρατε όρουε πρατε όροε όρατε . Sabbas . The typicon goes back to the medieval monastery, not to its late antique founder.