Synaxarion

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The term Synaxarion (Greek Συναξάριον , Latin also Synaxarium ) has different meanings:

1. A Synaxarion is a liturgical book that is mainly used in the Byzantine Eastern Churches . It records the worship celebrations during the church year . In addition to calendar- heortological notes (heortology is the doctrine of church holidays) it contains information on the pericopes , the order of worship and brief vitae of the saints whose celebrations are to be celebrated. It corresponds roughly to the martyrology of the Roman Catholic Church .

Synaxaria with more rubrics are also known under the names Typikon and Synaxarion-Typikon ("Sinassario con rubriche liturgiche").

A Synaxarion for the Church of Constantinople probably goes back to Emperor Constantine VII (905–959) . A historical review of the book, the Codex Sirmondianus (today Berlin, Staatsbibliothek gr. 219 [olim Phillipps 1622]), was published by the Bollandist Hippolyte Delehaye with additional materials ( synaxaria selecta ) . Another review went into the Greek Menaeon (the Orthodox liturgical monthly book). It was translated into Old Church Slavonic by Russian and Bulgarian clergymen in Constantinople around the middle of the 12th century and supplemented with the lives of Slavic saints. This Slavic version is known as the Prologue .

Since late Byzantine times, the Synaxarion (" Typikon ") of the Mar Saba monastery with regional adaptations has prevailed throughout Byzantine orthodoxy.

2. Synaxarion can also be used to describe the individual text that is recited from the book (or the Menea) on the respective feast day or day of remembrance in the morning service (“Orthros”).

3. Synaxarion is also found in the manuscripts as a name from liturgical lists of pericopes, partly with the same meaning as Menologion . In the New Testament textual research , the lists with information on inspections in the "moving" church year are called synaxaria , in liturgical science they are called synaxaria minora ("small synaxaria") to distinguish them from the hagiographic collections of the same name . Directories of celebrations on fixed calendar dates are then called menologies or menologia minora ("small menologies").

literature

  • Jacques Noret: Ménologes, Synaxaires, Ménées. Essai de clarification d'une terminology . In: Analecta Bollandiana 86 (1968) 21-24 (basic).
  • Peter Plank: Synaxarion. In: Lexicon for Theology and Church. Volume 9: San to Thomas. 3rd, completely revised edition. Herder, Freiburg (Breisgau) 2000, ISBN 3-451-22009-1 , p. 1174.
  • Andrea Luzzi: Studi sul Sinassario di Costantinopoli . Roma 1995.
  • Andrea Luzzi: Status quaestionis sui Sinassari italogreci. In: André Jacob, Jean-Marie Martin, Ghislaine Noyé (eds.): Histoire et culture dans l'Italie byzantine. Acquis et nouvelles recherches (= Collection de l'Ecole Française de Rome. Vol. 363). École Française de Rome, Rome 2006, ISBN 2-7283-0741-5 , pp. 155-175.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bernard Flusin: L'Empereur hagiographe. Remarques sur le rôle des premiers empereurs macédoniens dans le culte des saints . In: L'empereur hagiographe. Culte des saints et monarchy byzantine et post-byzantine. Actes des colloques internationaux "L'empereur hagiographe" (13-14 March 2000) and "Reliques et miracles" (1-2 November 2000) tenus au New Europe College . Texts réunis et presentés by Petre Guran. Bucarest: Colegiul Noua Europa 2001, 29–54.
  2. ^ H. Delehaye: Synaxarium Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae e codice Simondiano (Propyleum ad Acta Sanctorum Novembris) (Brussels 1902).
  3. ↑ Russian prologue (book)