Utum

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Utûm ( māt Utêm) was a Bronze Age kingdom in the Zagros .

It was located in the Ranya plain in southern Kurdistan (Dašt-i-Bitwain) and controlled, among other things, the passes through the Darband-i-Ramkan mountains . The capital was Šušarra / Tell Shemschāra in the valley of Dokan on the right bank of the small Zab . Utûm is known from texts from the archives of Mari and Tell Schemschara (SH. 812 = IM. 62091; SH. 827 = IM. 62100).

Research history

Shemshāra was excavated in 1957 by the Danish archaeologist Harald Ingholt . Today it lies under a reservoir. Peder Mortensen published some of the finds. The Assyrian archives are a rich source for the history of the area.

history

Kuwari, the king of Utem, was an ally of the Turukum , to whom he had to deliver grain and flour. Because of the threatened invasion of the Guti , he submitted to the Assyrian ruler Šamši-Adad I. Utûm is also mentioned in the Mari archives in connection with the Turukum. ARM 1, 5 (24 ff.) Reports on the conquest of the country by the Assyrian ruler Išme-Dagan .

Ruler

  • Kuwari at the time of Šamši-Adad I.

Cities

  • Burullum
  • Šušarra

literature

  • Jörgen Laessøe, The Shemshāra Tablets (Copenhagen 1959).
  • Jörgen Laessøe, The Quest for the Country of * Utûm. Journal of the American Oriental Society 88/1, 1968, 120-122.
  • J. Eidem, The Shemshāra Archives 2, The administrative Texts (Copenhagen 1992).
  • Peder Mortensen, Tell Shimshara: the Hassuna period. København, Munksgaard 1970. Det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskab 5/2, Historisk-filosofiske skrifter.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jörgen Læssøe, The Quest for the Country of * Utûm. Journal of the American Oriental Society 88/1, 1968, 122