Fathers of the Confederation

A 1917 Canadian 3 cent postage stamp based on Robert Harris' painting "Fathers of Confederation".

As Fathers of Confederation ( English Fathers of Confederation , French Pères de la Confédération ) persons are referred to at the Charlottetown Conference , the Quebec Conference and the London Conference attended. These conferences led to the Canadian Confederation , the union of Crown Colonies in British North America to the State of Canada in 1867. The following list shows the participants in the conferences in Charlottetown , Québec and London and their attendance.

There were originally 36 Fathers in the Confederation, 11 of whom participated in all three conferences. Hewitt Bernard , Secretary of the Charlottetown Conference, is sometimes included. Individuals who incorporated their respective provinces into the confederation after 1867 are also referred to as the fathers of the confederation. First, this applies to Amor De Cosmos , who was instrumental in British Columbia's accession to the Confederation in 1871. Second, Joey Smallwood considered himself the "last father of the Confederation" when Newfoundland was the last province to join.

List of conference participants

Attendees	(today's) province	Charlottetown	Quebec	London
Archibald!Adams George Archibald	Nova Scotia	J	J	J
Archibald!George Brown	Ontario	J	J	N
Campbell!Alexander Campbell	Ontario	J	J	N
Carter!Frederick Carter	Newfoundland	N	J	N
Cartier!George-Etienne Cartier	Quebec	J	J	J
Chandler!Edward Barron Chandler	New Brunswick	J	J	N
Chapais!Jean-Charles Chapais	Quebec	N	J	N
Cockburn!James Cockburn	Ontario	N	J	N
Coles!George Coles	Prince Edward Island	J	J	N
Dickey!Robert B. Dickey	Nova Scotia	J	J	N
Fisher!Charles Fisher	New Brunswick	N	J	J
Valid!Alexander Tilloch Galt	Quebec	J	J	J
Gray1!John Hamilton Gray	Prince Edward Island	J	J	N
Gray2!John Hamilton Gray	New Brunswick	J	J	N
Haviland!Thomas Heath Haviland	Prince Edward Island	N	J	N
Henry!William Alexander Henry	Nova Scotia	J	J	J
Howland!William Pearce Howland	Ontario	N	N	J
Johnson!John Mercer Johnson	New Brunswick	J	J	J
Langevin!Hector-Louis Langevin	Quebec	J	J	J
Macdonald, Andrew!Andrew Archibald Macdonald	Prince Edward Island	J	J	N
Macdonald, John!John Macdonald	Ontario	J	J	J
McCully!Jonathan McCully	Nova Scotia	J	J	J
Mcdougall!William McDougall	Ontario	J	J	J
Mcgee!Thomas D'Arcy McGee	Quebec	J	J	N
Mitchell!Peter Mitchell	New Brunswick	N	J	J
Mowat!Oliver Mowat	Ontario	N	J	N
Palmer!Edward Palmer	Prince Edward Island	J	J	N
Pope!William Henry Pope	Prince Edward Island	J	J	N
Ritchie!John William Ritchie	Nova Scotia	N	N	J
Shea!Ambrose Shea	Newfoundland	N	J	N
Steeves!William Steeves	New Brunswick	J	J	N
Tache!Etienne-Paschal Taché	Quebec	N	J	N
Tilley!Samuel Leonard Tilley	New Brunswick	J	J	J
Tupperware!Charles Tupper	Nova Scotia	J	J	J
Whelan!Edward Whelan	Prince Edward Island	N	J	N
Wilmot!Robert Duncan Wilmot	New Brunswick	N	N	J

literature

Irma Coucill: Canada's Prime Ministers, Governors General and Fathers of Confederation . Pembroke Publishers, 2005, ISBN 1-55138-185-0 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).

Web links

Commons : Fathers of the Confederation - collection of images, videos and audio files

Fathers of Confederation - Library and Archives Canada
Fathers of Confederation ( English, French ) In: The Canadian Encyclopedia .
Fathers of Confederation - Table ( English, French ) In: The Canadian Encyclopedia .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Fathers of Confederation . Canadian History. 2008. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
^ ^A ^b Claude Bélanger: Studies on the Canadian Constitution and Canadian Federalism . Department of History, Marianopolis College, 2001 ( marianopolis.edu [accessed May 21, 2011]).
^ Robert A. Harrison: The conventional man . Canadian Legal History by University of Toronto Press, 2003, ISBN 0-8020-8842-2 , pp. 627 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
^ Frances Stanford: Canada's Confederation . S&S Learning Materials, 2002, ISBN 1-55035-708-5 , pp. 44 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
^ Christopher McCreery: The Order of Canada: its origins, history, and development . University of Toronto Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8020-3940-5 , pp. 168 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[CandianHistory-1] Fathers of Confederation . Canadian History. 2008. Retrieved June 21, 2010.

[belanger-2] A ^b Claude Bélanger: Studies on the Canadian Constitution and Canadian Federalism . Department of History, Marianopolis College, 2001 ( marianopolis.edu [accessed May 21, 2011]).

[3] Robert A. Harrison: The conventional man . Canadian Legal History by University of Toronto Press, 2003, ISBN 0-8020-8842-2 , pp. 627 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[4] Frances Stanford: Canada's Confederation . S&S Learning Materials, 2002, ISBN 1-55035-708-5 , pp. 44 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[5] Christopher McCreery: The Order of Canada: its origins, history, and development . University of Toronto Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8020-3940-5 , pp. 168 ( limited preview in Google Book search).