Variable lymphocyte receptors

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Variable lymphocyte receptors (in German about ' variable lymphocyte receptors ', VLRs) are proteins of the adaptive immune system of the jawless ( Agnatha ), i.e. the lampreys and hagfish . VLRs are similar to the adaptive immunity of the jaws , e.g. B. humans, divided into two cell groups.

properties

The VLRs are named after the T- and B-cell receptors of the jaw mouth LLC ( English lymphocyte like cell ). However, there are three different types:

  • LLCA (functionally related to the α / β T cells)
  • LLCC (functionally related to the γ / δ T cells)
  • LLCB (functionally related to the B cells)

construction

All three types have in common that they consist of different leucine-rich LRR sequences (English Leucine-rich repeats ). They form horseshoe-shaped solenoid structures . The N-terminal amino acid sequence is responsible for binding the antigen .

literature

  • Peng Guo et al. a .: Dual nature of the adaptive immune system in lampreys . In: Nature . tape 459 , no. 7248 , June 11, 2009, p. 796-801 , doi : 10.1038 / nature08068 .
  • Thomas Boehm: Design principles of adaptive immune systems . In: Nature Reviews Immunology . tape 11 , no. 5 , May 2011, p. 307-317 , doi : 10.1038 / nri2944 .
  • Jun Kasamatsu: Evolution of innate and adaptive immune systems in jawless vertebrates . In: Microbiology and Immunology . tape 57 , no. 1 , 2013, p. 1–12 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1348-0421.2012.00500.x .
  • Natsuko Kishishita, Fumikiyo Nagawa: Evolution of adaptive immunity: Implications of a third lymphocyte lineage in lampreys . In: BioEssays . tape 36 , no. 3 , March 2014, p. 244–250 , doi : 10.1002 / bies.201300145 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ J. Kasamatsu, Y. Sutoh, K. Fugo, N. Otsuka, K. Iwabuchi, M. Kasahara: Identification of a third variable lymphocyte receptor in the lamprey. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Volume 107, Number 32, August 2010, pp. 14304-14308, ISSN  1091-6490 . doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1001910107 . PMID 20660745 . PMC 2922563 (free full text).
  2. ^ S. Das, M. Hirano, N. Aghaallaei, B. Bajoghli, T. Boehm, MD Cooper: Organization of lamprey variable lymphocyte receptor C locus and repertoire development. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Volume 110, Number 15, April 2013, pp. 6043-6048, ISSN  1091-6490 . doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1302500110 . PMID 23487799 . PMC 3625321 (free full text).
  3. ↑ R. Kanda, Y. Sutoh, J. Kasamatsu, K. Maenaka, M. Kasahara, T. Ose: Crystal structure of the lamprey variable lymphocyte receptor C Reveals at unusual feature in its N-terminal capping module. In: PloS one. Volume 9, number 1, 2014, p. E85875, ISSN  1932-6203 . doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0085875 . PMID 24465760 . PMC 3900441 (free full text).