Pre-verb
In linguistics, a preverb (plural preverbs, pre- verbs ) refers to elements preceding the actual verb , which are formally adverbs or prepositions , but directly change the meaning of the verb. Mostly be deictic or local remuneration expressed to subjects or objects of the verb (z. B. a contact, to occur, from contact, on contact, of contact ), but also transmitted meanings occur such. B. to catch . Preverbs occur primarily in the Indo-European languages as well as in the three Caucasian language families and in some language families in North America .
In German, the pre-verbs are separable prefixes , also called verb additions or verb particles , which remain at the end of the sentence in sentences where the verb moves to the first or second position in the sentence, e.g. B. The sun is rising . He takes the hitchhiker with him . He goes to the door out . If the verb is at the end of the sentence, the preverbs are written together with the actual verb, e.g. B. ... after the sun to go. ... because he took the hitchhiker with him. ... when he for the door also went.
In the Slavic languages as well as in Georgian , the prverbs have developed aspect or tense meaning . Using a preverb makes a verb form perfect , e.g. B. Polish pisać (writing) vs. na pisać (finish writing, finish writing), Georgian exmarebi (you help) vs. da exmara (you helped). A futuristic function of prverbs is also known from Georgian , see Georgian grammar .
Individual evidence
- ↑ canoonet.eu: Preverb
- ↑ duden.de: Preverb
- ^ Benjamin W. Fortson IV: Indo-European Language and Culture. An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2004. ISBN 1-4051-0315-9 . Pages 139-40.
- ↑ according to Metzler's Lexikon der Sprach (2nd edition, p. 775) in verbal compounds and particle verbs separable first member .
- ↑ Heinz Fähnrich: Short grammar of the Georgian language. Leipzig: Enzyklopädie-Verlag, 1987. ISBN 3-324-00018-1 . Pages 71ff.
