Administration building of the Reichsbahndirektion Dresden until 1945

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This article deals with the administrative buildings of the Royal Saxon State Railways and the Reichsbahndirektion Dresden up to 1945 in Dresden.

City map from 1904

history

With the construction of the first German long-distance railway Leipzig – Dresden and later the Saxon-Bavarian Railway, the first Saxon Railway Directorate was founded in Leipzig on June 12, 1841 after the two railway companies merged. On August 1, 1848, the Royal Direction of the Saxon-Bohemian State Railways was founded in Dresden. On July 1, 1869, the Leipzig and Dresden Direction merged to form the Royal General Direction of the Saxon State Railways and replaced the Royal State Railway Direction in Dresden, which was founded on September 14, 1852.

From 1869 to 1898 the general management was in the Böhmischer Bahnhof in Dresden. The Royal Saxon State Railways had several administrative buildings in Dresden, most of which were located at the terminal stations of the regional railways. Under the Royal Privy Councilor and General Director of the Royal Saxon State Railways, Ewald Alexander Hoffmann , the complete redesign of the railway systems in Dresden took place in the economic heyday. In the period from 1890 to 1901, the train stations were redesigned and freight and passenger traffic were separated. The regional railway stations became freight yards and the new station buildings, Neustädter Bahnhof , Hauptbahnhof and Wettiner Bahnhof became part of the elevated railway systems. The two new administrative buildings were also incorporated into the plans of 1888 under the supervision of building officer Otto Klette (1850 to 1897) and privy councilor Claus Koepcke . From 1892 to 1898, two large building complexes for the railway administration of the Royal Saxon State Railways were built on Strehlener Strasse and Wiener Strasse . With the end of the monarchy in 1918, the railway administration called itself the General Directorate of the Saxon State Railway . With the establishment of the Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen in 1920, it then became the Reichsbahndirektion Dresden .

Main administration building of the Saxon Royal State Railways Strehlener Strasse 1

The building at Strehlener Straße 1 extended from Bismarckplatz (today Friedrich-List-Platz) to Werderstraße (today Andreas-Schubert-Straße). The facade facing Bismarckplatz consisted of a three-part, richly decorated sandstone facade with three window axes over five floors with a large arched dome as the roof finish. The side front on Strehlener Straße was structured several times and harmoniously divided into 42 window axes. In the center was the main wing with an elegant staircase. The back to the elevated railway line was also divided into 42 window axes and had a roof top crowned with two towers. The entire building was 94 meters long and widened conically towards Werderstrasse. The building front there had seven window axes, the two outer ones being set back. As with Bismarckplatz, the roof was formed over the five floors by means of a large arched dome. The roof was designed as a mansard roof on two floors, including service apartments. The entire building had three atriums and was divided into five building wings. Among other things, it had 482 office and functional rooms, seven conference rooms and a conference hall, workshops and workrooms as well as four canteens. In the main front on Strehlener Strasse were the finance office, traffic control, railway safety, the machine technology office, the signaling office, the office for traffic structures-bridges, the office for superstructures, the superstructure management, the surveying office, the structural engineering office Office for building construction and the workshop office housed. The building had a hot water supply with heat recovery . With the takeover of the Deutsche Reichsbahngesellschaft (German Reichsbahngesellschaft), the regional railroad era came to an end. During the bombing of Dresden during the Second World War , this building complex was hit and partially destroyed by incendiary and high-explosive bombs several times.

With the move of the Reichsbahndirektion Dresden in 1948 to the former administrative building of the state farming community in Saxony at Ammonstraße 8, the rebuildable ruins were removed in 1952 and the rubble was removed with the rubble railway line 3 to the clay pit of the Kunath brickworks in Prohlis. The fallow land is now used by a car rental company.

General Directorate of the Royal Saxon State Railways, Wiener Strasse 4

The building on Wiener Straße 4 extended from Wiener Platz to the Anglican Church on Beuststraße (today Andreas-Schubert-Straße). The overall building of the general administration was 116 meters long and had four atriums. The facade facing Wiener Strasse consisted of a three-part, richly decorated sandstone facade with 45 window axes over three floors and a large arched dome as the roof over the central wing. The protruding middle section had an elegantly curved staircase. The gable fronts to Wiener Platz and Beuststrasse was divided into several sections and harmoniously divided into seven window axes, the two outer ones set back. The back to the elevated railway line was also divided into 45 window axes and had a curved roof. The roof was designed as a mansard roof on one floor, among other things, there were service apartments. The building housed 216 office and functional rooms, four conference rooms and a conference room, workshops and workshops as well as two canteens and a restaurant. In addition, the finance office, the Reichseisenbahn Vermögensamt, the basic administration office, the Dresden transport command, the presidential office, the traffic office, the sales office, the traffic office II, the personnel office, the traffic engineering office, the mechanical engineering office and the wagon office were located. The building also had a hot water supply with heat recovery. With the takeover of the Deutsche Reichsbahngesellschaft (German Reichsbahngesellschaft), the regional railroad era came to an end. During the bombing of Dresden during the Second World War, this building complex was hit and partially destroyed by incendiary and high-explosive bombs several times.

Like the building in Strehlener Straße 1, the rebuildable ruins were demolished after the Reichsbahndirektion moved to Ammonstraße in the years 1948 to 1952 and the rubble was removed with the rubble railway line 3 to the clay pit of the Kunath brickworks in Prohlis . The areas are used today by the Personal Bahn Filing Archive and the Büro für Bahn Landwirtschaft eV.

Extension of the General Directorate of the Deutsche Reichsbahn Wiener Straße 5b

Extension of the Reichsbahndirektion (2019)

In the 1930s, more space was needed for the various tasks of the Deutsche Reichsbahn . So it was decided under the management president Carl Hermann Domsch (1871 to 1945) during a plenary meeting in early 1935 to build an extension on the property already acquired at Wiener Straße 5b. Richard Spröggel, the Reichsbahnoberrat, was responsible for the planning and design. Thus, between 1935 and 1936, a modern reinforced concrete skeleton structure was built on Wiener Straße / corner of Sidonienstraße. The monumental-looking building with a slightly curved entrance front with eight window axes was a very modern, functional house. In front of the building is an access hall resting on six sandstone pillars. The four-story building has an inner courtyard, which is closed by a rear gable with 19 window axes. The two long sides had three 18 window axes starting above the ground floor, and 12 axes with double windows in the basement. The 180 or so office rooms were designed to be flooded with light and very functionally structured and divided. In front of the building at the end of 1936 a bronze sculpture Jüngling with a wing wheel by the Dresden sculptor Johannes Ernst Born was placed; it has been missing since 1945. The building was used as the Reichsbahn property administration building until 1945 .

During the Second World War, this building complex was not hit by the bombs during the bombing raids on Dresden, but it was damaged by the bombing in the area; in the area around Wiener Platz, all but three buildings were destroyed. After 1945 the Deutsche Reichsbahn continued to use the office building. In the 1960s, two more buildings were added. Its use was abandoned in the 1990s and since then it has stood empty and unused.

Web links

literature

  • Richard Spröggel: Administration building of the Reichsbahndirektion Dresden , Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung from 1938, issue 56.
  • Hartmut Ellrich: Dresden 1933–45, The historical travel guide ; Ch. Linksverlag Berlin 2008; ISBN 978-3-86153-498-3 ; Chapter 27.
  • Fritz Borchert: The Leipzig-Dresden Railway. Beginnings and present of a 150 year old. Verlag Transpress, Berlin 1st edition 1989. ISBN 3-344-00354-2
  • Adolf Bloss: The Railway in Saxony . Avalun-Verlag, Dresden-Hellerau 1931.
  • Helga Kuhne: Dresden Railway Directorate 1869–1993. German railway directorates. 2nd Edition. Verlag B. Neddermeyer, 2010, ISBN 978-3-941712-05-8 .
  • Matthias Lerm: Farewell to old Dresden: Loss of historical building stock after 1945: Hinstorff-Verlag, Rostock: 1st edition 2000, ISBN 3356008765 , p. 137, p. 139, p. 307 and p. 309.
  • Michael Lenk and Ralf Hauptvogel: The Dresden rubble railways. Werkbahnreport special issue B. Historical Feldbahn Dresden e. V., Dresden 1999. p. 49ff.
  • Dresden Address Book 1944, p. 864f and p. 776.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d e Dresden Railway Directorate 1869–1993. German Railway Directorate. 2nd Edition. Verlag Bernd Neddermeyer, 2010, ISBN 978-3-941712-05-8 .
  2. ^ Dresden districts. on: [1] , accessed on January 11, 2020 .
  3. ↑ a b The Dresden rubble railways. Special issue B August 1999 from Verein e. V. Historical light railway Dresden
  4. ^ Adolf Bloss: The railway in Saxony . Avalun-Verlag, Dresden-Hellerau 1931