Whoonga

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Whoonga , also called Nyaope , is a drug that is widespread in South Africa and is said to be highly addictive. Mixtures of substances are sold under this name. It seems likely that heroin is often used as the base (even if only added in small amounts). For example, whoonga is consumed by mixing it with tobacco and marijuana and smoking it. The effect lasts for a few hours. When the effects wear off, it causes severe physical withdrawal symptoms.

Otherwise, there have been various reports on admixtures of, for example, rat poison , washing powder , cocaine, morphine and opiates in general, benzodiazepines , MDA, cough suppressants, caffeine, antibiotics or crystal meth . Also, there are some media reports which say that to powder crushed AIDS - antivirals such as Stocrin added to the whoonga mixtures and that these drugs would be obtained by purchases of, or attacks on patients. According to the police, Whoonga largely corresponds to older heroin-based drugs such as sugars, except for the addition of AIDS antivirals . The word Whoonga probably comes from Tanzania , where it was used for heroin-based drugs such as sugars . Whoonga would therefore simply be a new name to attract new users of heroin-based drugs in South Africa.

Whoonga first appeared in South Africa between 2007 and 2009 and in 2010 it spread to the poor in the townships . Whoonga is sold at a street price of around 20 Rand (as of 2010, around 1.50 euros) per dose. Due to the drug's high risk of addiction, it leads to increased drug-related crime. Whoonga possession in South Africa is illegal.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c New drug sweeping South Africa. - Al Jazeera English Report (Video, 2:15 min)
  2. ↑ Jonathan Hull: Whoonga is the cruelest high . Al Jazeera English (reporter's notebook), November 3, 2010
  3. ↑ a b c d Masood Boomgaard: Whoonga Whammy . Independent Online , November 28, 2010
  4. ↑ a b The Novel Psychoactive Substance Nyaope Brings Unique Challenges to Mental Health Services in South Africa | OMICS International. Retrieved April 24, 2019 .
  5. ↑ a b Whoonga - information brochure. (PDF) Health Department Province of Kwazulu-Natal, accessed April 24, 2019 .
  6. ↑ a b David J. Grelotti, Elizabeth F. Closson, Jennifer A. Smit, Zonke Mabude, Lynn T. Matthews: whoonga: potential recreational use of HIV antiretroviral medication in South Africa . In: AIDS and behavior . tape 18 , no. 3 , March 2014, ISSN  1090-7165 , p. 511-518 , doi : 10.1007 / s10461-013-0575-0 , PMID 23955659 , PMC 3926908 (free full text).
  7. ↑ Glen P. Davis, Hilary L. Surratt, Frances R. Levin, Carlos Blanco: Antiretroviral medication: An emerging category of prescription drug misuse . In: The American Journal on Addictions . tape 23 , no. 6 , 2014, ISSN  1521-0391 , p. 519-525 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1521-0391.2013.12107.x , PMID 24102874 , PMC 3956727 (free full text).
  8. ^ "South Africa's fashion drug Nyaope" Neue Zürcher Zeitung, January 30, 2016
  9. ↑ Donna Bryson: AIDS drugs stolen in South Africa for 'whoonga' . Associated Press , Nov. 28, 2010