Wintu languages
The Wintu languages (also Wintuan ) are a small language family in the Sacramento Valley in California .
classification
The family includes four languages, three of which are extinct:
I. Northern branch
- 1. Wintu (in the narrower sense) (†)
- 2. Nomlaki (†)
II. Southern branch
- 3. Patwin (only one known spokesperson in 2003)
- 4. South Patwin (†)
relationship
The Wintu languages are often classified as part of the Penuti languages . However, the genetic unit of the Penuti languages is controversial, which is why the Wintu languages according to Campbell (1997) and Mithun (1999) are considered an independent language family.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Marianne Mithun: The languages of Native North America . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1999, ISBN 0-521-23228-7 .
- ^ Victor Golla: California Indian languages . University of California Press, Berkeley 2011, ISBN 978-0-520-26667-4 .
- ^ Lyle Campbell: American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America . Oxford University Press, New York 1997, ISBN 0-19-509427-1 .