X-Road
X-Road is a system developed by and initially for the government of Estonia in cooperation with Estonian researchers, programmers and Estonian companies consisting of concepts, legal provisions, procedural rules, technical standards and rules, various software , a large number of decentralized databases and assigned security servers the easy, fast and secure exchange of data from decentralized services over the Internet against unauthorized access and unauthorized data modification. The system not only protects the exchange of data, but also the data itself to a high degree against unauthorized manipulation and deletion.
Over the course of a few years, the system made it possible for Estonia to create virtually all state registers , databases and files that serve legislation and government, administration and jurisdiction in a purely electronic manner, to manage them in databases and to store them securely, and as far as legally provided and precisely in this Also exchange data. All citizens can use an electronic identity card with a password to view the data they have stored at various locations at any time and, if they wish, to do 99 percent of all government business via computer and internet from home or on the go, and do so to a large extent. Only in the marriage , the divorce and real estate transactions the personal presence is still required.
In Estonia, the system is also open to private providers who submit to the regulations. The high level of use of electronic signature cards for convenient official business, from re-registration to tax returns , combined with the high level of security of X-Road has also resulted in private legal transactions being carried out electronically to a large extent. In 2017, 99 percent of banking transactions were carried out electronically. The sum of the almost complete digitization of state government, legislation, administration and the extensive digitization of business transactions is referred to as e-Estonia by Estonia and also marketed. In 2017, 95 percent of income tax returns in Estonia were submitted electronically, which, according to Estonia, only takes taxpayers between 3 and 5 minutes.
Estonia as a promoter and Estonian IT companies as service providers have also conveyed the X-Road system, which initially started with only three databases in Estonia, to other countries such as Azerbaijan and the Faroe Islands .
Estonia has even entered into a development partnership for X-Road with Finland . The two countries have founded the Nordic Institute for Interoperability Solutions (NIIS) for this purpose .
software
The software developed for X-Road with source code and extensive documentation has been published by Estonia on GitHub under the free MIT license .
X-Road uses the following security technologies: XAdES , ASiC , Virtual Private Network , RSA , TSL , RFC3161 , OCSP , Public-Key-Infrastructure .
The software for the security servers, which are always connected between the database applications and the Internet, can be downloaded free of charge by governments from Roksnet.
See also
Web links
- Government website of Estonia , which explains e-Estonia in principle, its areas of application, the actors, the history and the state of development
- Comprehensive three-part explanation of the objectives, the concept and the important system components and basic regulations of X-Road on the official website of the responsible Estonian state authority Information System Authority (RIA), based on an understanding of the overall system
- The source code of the X-Road software , published on Github
Individual evidence
- ↑ https://e-estonia.com/solutions/business-and-finance/e-banking/
- ↑ https://e-estonia.com/solutions/business-and-finance/e-tax/
- ↑ https://www.niis.org/ website of the Nordic Institute for Interoperability Solutions (NIIS)
- ↑ https://github.com/ria-ee/X-Road
- ↑ https://www.ria.ee/x-tee/fact/#eng
- ↑ https://www.roksnet.com/government