Yoryūdo

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The term Yoryūdo ( Japanese 寄 人 , also Yorihito or Yoriudo ) has been in use since the Heian period and generally refers to a servant , servant or courtier.

Public servants (public servants)

Court nobility and government

The term Yoryūdo referred to the staff in the authorities of the imperial court, such as the Waka- shō ( 和 歌 所 , "Office for poetry"), Gosho-shō ( 御書 所 , "Office for correspondence"), Kiroku-shō ( 記録 所 , “Record Office (for the regulation of fiefdoms)”), Fumi-dono ( 院 文 殿 , “Document Management ”) and Go-in ( 後院 ).

In the case of the waka-shō , the servants are also called Meshiudo ( 召 人 ). They were selected by experienced officials. The servants of the waka-shō, however, were selected by officials who wrote waka themselves or had experience with compiling anthologies.

The number of employees was around 10 to 20 people, although it is assumed that officials were temporarily withdrawn from other authorities. According to the encyclopedia Ruijumeibutsukō ( 類 聚 名 物 考 ) from the middle of the Edo period , the term Yoryūdo is derived from these officials who commuted to the office to meet there (in Japanese: 「寄 り 合 う 人」 , Yoriau hito ). However, it remains unclear whether this etymology is correct.

Samurai government

The term Yoryūdo also refers to the staff in various offices of the shogunate ( 幕府 , Bakufu) such as: the Kumonjo ( 公文 所 , document management), the Mandokoro ( 政 所 , government administration), the Monchūsho ( 問 注 所 , court of law) and the samurai dokoro ( 侍 所 , Authority for Vassal Affairs). These servants were also called Kōjin ( 公人 , about public figure who hold an office).

Unfree peasants in the Shōen system

In the Shōen fiefdom system, the term referred to peasants who worked on the property of their fiefdom, d. H. Serfs .

Web links

  • Entry at Kotobank.jp (Japanese)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Maison franco-japonaise de Tokyo (ed.): Dictionnaire historique du Japon . Tome 2. Maisonneuve & Larose, Paris 2002, ISBN 2-7068-1632-5 , pp. 2836 (French, limited preview in Google book search - “  C'est souvant en ces termes que sont décrits certaines relations de nature vassalique. Yori a le sens ici de‹ se mettre sous le protection d '(un maitre) ›. [ …] Et de meme à l'époque de Heian, on trouve le mot Yoriudo 寄 人 (dans le sens serviteur)  »).
  2. ↑ 1201 Fujiwara no Teika took over as Yoryūdo the duties of the Waka-shō. He kept a diary, the Meigetsuki ( 明月 記 , something like "Notes from the clear moon"), with daily entries. He was also responsible for the annual poetry recitation on New Years ( 歌 会 始 , Utakai hajime ). The origin of the term Meshiudo lies in this activity .
  3. ↑ In the Kamakura period : Department of Military Affairs.