Filler material
Filler materials , welding consumables or additives are materials that are used during welding in addition to the components to be connected. They are melted and, during joint welding, together with the melted base material, form the weld metal ( melt ) and, after solidification, the weld seam . During welding, the filler material takes on similar tasks to the solder during soldering (sometimes also referred to as filler material) or the adhesive during gluing . With build-up welding , the filler material forms the applied layer. Filler materials are usually supplied in the form of rods or wires, sometimes also as powder or paste.
- In gas fusion welding , welding rods are used that are held in the flame of the torch in order to melt them off.
- In manual arc welding , stick electrodes are used, which are also used as electrodes. They have a cladding that forms shielding gases and slag to protect the weld metal.
- When gas metal arc welding (MSG) with the two variants metal inert gas (MIG), metal active gas welding (MAG) and the submerged arc welding will be wire electrodes used.
Welding auxiliaries that make welding easier or partly possible in the first place, but do not become part of the workpiece, do not count as filler materials . This includes the covering of the stick electrodes, the shielding gases in gas-shielded welding , the powder in submerged arc welding or the vacuum in electron beam welding and generally flux (often used for soldering).
literature
- Alfred Herbert Fritz, Günter Schulze (ed.): Manufacturing technology. 11th edition. Springer, 2015, pp. 125, 145, 154, 166, 190.
standardization
Welding consumables are defined in the following standards, among others:
- ISO 2560, ISO 14341, ISO 636, ISO 14171, ISO 17632 for unalloyed steels and fine-grain structural steels
- ISO 18275, ISO16834, ISO 26304, ISO 18276 for high strength steels
- ISO 3580, ISO 21952, ISO 24598, ISO17634 for creep resistant steels
- ISO 3581, ISO 14343, ISO 17633 for stainless and heat-resistant steels
- ISO 14172, ISO 18274 for nickel and nickel alloys