Ronneburg Castle

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ronneburg Castle
The Ronneburg, view from the west

The Ronneburg, view from the west

Alternative name (s): Raneberg, Roneberg
Creation time : 1200 to 1300
Castle type : Hilltop castle
Conservation status: receive
Standing position : Nobles, clerics , counts
Place: Ronneburg - Altwiedermus
Geographical location 50 ° 14 '17.5 "  N , 9 ° 3' 37.5"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 14 '17.5 "  N , 9 ° 3' 37.5"  E
Height: 237  m above sea level NHN
Ronneburg Castle (Hesse)
Ronneburg Castle

The Castle Ronneburg at Altwiedermus , in the municipality of Ronneburg in Main-Kinzig-Kreis in Hesse , is by its position as a hilltop castle on a steep basalt rock visible from afar and namesake of Ronneburger hills .

Originally founded in the 13th century as a Mainz castle to secure the territory, it came into Ysenburg ownership in 1476 . It achieved its greatest importance as the residence of the Ysenburg-Büdingen-Ronneburg branch line in the 16th century. The castle therefore has a very significant Renaissance architecture , including the striking dome of the keep , the Zinzendorf building and the New Kemenate . During the Thirty Years' War the main castle burned out to a large extent, a few years later the Ronneburg was looted. In the following years it lost its function as a fortification and aristocratic residence and served as a refuge for marginalized groups such as the Moravian Brethren . Its importance as a monument was recognized around 1900. The good preservation of the medieval and early modern castle buildings has made it a well-known excursion destination in the region since then.

location

Aerial view of the Ronneburg

The Ronneburg is located just east of the center of the natural area Ronneburg hill country , which is named after her. Characteristic is a flat, undulating landscape between Wetterau and Büdinger Wald , which rises slightly to the northeastern Vogelsberg . As a hilltop castle, the castle complex occupies the summit of a striking basalt cone (approx. 237  m above sea  level ) above the Fallbach valley (approx. 160  m above sea level ). In the valley southwest of the castle there is fertile farmland, while the height to the east (Am Steinkopf, 269  m above sea level ) overlooks the Ronneburg and is wooded. Significant old roads run through the valley, especially Hohe Strasse or Reffenstrasse , for which the castle was used to monitor.

History of the castle

Founded as an Electoral Mainz castle

A copper engraving from 1631 probably goes back to an older view and shows the castle before the numerous extensions of the Renaissance. The keep without today's helmet and the somewhat oversized hall structure can be clearly recognized.
Anton von Ysenburg-Büdingen zu Ronneburg (1501–1560)
The Ronneburg before 1867, illustration from Die Gartenlaube

The castle was first mentioned in a document from 1231 or 1258, in which a castle man of the von Rüdigheim family named himself “de Roneburg” after the castle. The weir system is likely to be older. It was possibly built by the Lords of Büdingen ( Gerlach I. or Gerlach II. ) To secure the surrounding judicial districts, the Büdinger Forest and the trade routes passing by, possibly during the " Staufer final battle" in the Wetterau before the death of Conrad IV. The earlier name "Raneberg" or "Roneberg" is probably derived from the Old High German word Rone , which means something like fallen tree and indicates a much older structure fortified with palisades . The oldest known components of today's core castle, however, do not belong to the second quarter of the 14th century.

There is much to suggest that it was originally a territorial castle of the Archdiocese of Mainz : The Ronneburg was in the Mainz court of Langendiebach and secured this and the forest areas under Electoral Mainz control on the lower Kinzig ( Gelnhausen was also in Mainz until 1170, the Bulau until 1277 Possession). After the Büdinger died out (before 1247), the Ronneburg did not initially fall to their main heirs, the Counts of Ysenburg , but was owned by the von Hohenlohe family when it was first mentioned . Gottfried III. von Hohenlohe-Brauneck sold them to the Archdiocese of Mainz in 1313.

From 1327 the diocese pledged the castle to the Knights of Rockenberg , who expanded it. From 1339 to 1356 the complex was again under the administration of the archbishopric. Further pledges followed, for example to the Lords of Kronberg . During this time, further additions and alterations were made ( chapel bay window of the hall building). From 1424 the castle was again pledged, this time to the Count of Hanau .

Ysenburg Castle and Residence

In 1476, the Archbishop of Mainz , Diether von Ysenburg , assigned the castle to his brother, Count Ludwig II of Ysenburg-Büdingen , probably as a result of the Mainz collegiate feud . After Ludwig's death in 1511, a war of succession between his three sons rocked the Büdinger Land from 1517 onwards . In 1523 the castle fell to Philipp von Ysenburg-Büdingen, who founded the line Ysenburg-Büdingen-Ronneburg , later Ysingen-Ronneburg. As the residence of this line, the Ronneburg received its final form.

Philipp von Isenburg-Ronneburg was followed by his son Anton , who had 15 children. But his sons' marriages remained childless. The brothers Georg and Heinrich ruled one after the other. After the construction of the Kelsterbach Castle by Anton's third son, Wolfgang von Ysenburg-Ronneburg , they were mentioned several times as Counts of Isenburg-Büdingen-Kelsterbach . With the remodeling by Count Heinrich, the Ronneburg had its last heyday.

After the death of Heinrich von Ysingen-Ronneburg in 1601, the line was already extinguished. Wolfgang Ernst I. von Ysenburg-Büdingen in Birstein invoked his inheritance law and took the castle by force as a failed fiefdom. In the following years it continued to serve as the seat for Heinrich's widow.

The Ronneburg in modern times

In a fire caused by the burgrave's carelessness, large parts of the castle were destroyed in 1621, including the New Kemenate and the Upper Gate. The function as a widow's residence came to an end. Thirteen years later, empty Ronneburg fell heavily damaged in the Thirty Years' War of looting by Croatian cavalry victim. A restoration only took place after the end of the war, whereby the new bower was no longer built to the full, original building height.

The Ronneburg lost its function as the official seat of the former court of Langendiebach (later the Ysenburg Office of Ronneburg) at the end of the 17th century when the Isenburg-Birstein line was sold to Isenburg-Büdingen. The office was expanded to include the Selbold court in 1645 , and Langenselbold was raised to its administrative seat in 1698 .

It is thanks to the Calvinist Ysenburg-Büdingers that Protestant exiles were allowed to settle in the castle from 1700 onwards . For a long time it became a place of refuge for religiously persecuted people. The Swiss mystic Ursula Meyer had 156 debates here between 1715 and 1719 , and “homeless” people ( Jews and Gypsies ) who also did manual work in the castle. At the end of the 18th century, for example, there was a woolen factory in the court room . In 1736, Count von Zinzendorf moved in with his Herrnhuter Brothers and made the castle a much-visited place of pilgrimage . Two years later, however, the facility was too small for the brothers in faith, and they founded the Herrnhaag settlement on a nearby hill . From 1750, many of these settlers emigrated to America and other countries.

In the years that followed, the Ronneburg was also inhabited by marginalized groups under various tenants. The large number of residents meant that it became an independent municipality in 1821 as part of an administrative reform, but without a district. This was reversed as early as 1829. As the buildings increasingly fell into disrepair after storm damage, the number of residents also decreased in the middle of the 19th century. In 1838 the buildings in the outer bailey were demolished, which was obviously encouraged by the administration because of the unwelcome residents. The sale of the demolition material was apparently intended to partially offset the falling rental income. In 1870 further sales were made for demolition, but the last resident did not leave the castle until 1885.

The preservation of monuments emerging in Hesse at this time became aware of the complex through the volume written by Heinrich Wagner in 1890 on the art monuments of the Büdingen district . Awareness was increased in the following period through visits from the youth movement and hiking clubs from the surrounding towns. For the first time in 1905 the Ronneburg was placed under monument protection. The Büdingen architect and historian Peter Nieß (1895–1965), who presented a thorough building history in 1936, made a particular contribution to preserving and researching the history of the building. This was funded by the Ysenburg Princely House through Friedrich Wilhelm zu Ysenburg and Büdingen and his successor Otto Friedrich zu Ysenburg and Büdingen. The castle museum was opened in 1952 and a restaurant was opened in the stables in 1967. The structural and museum support was provided in 1988 in a sponsorship agreement between the owner and the Friends of Ronneburg e. V. regulated.

In June 2004, Wolfgang Ernst zu Ysenburg and Büdingen sold Ronneburg to Forfin GmbH, whose managing director and sole shareholder, Joachim Benedikt Freiherr von Herman auf Wain , is a cousin of his wife.

Floor plan (main castle brown, outer castle green)

investment

The rectangular core castle with its strong defensive wall stands out clearly in the ground plan of the Ronneburg. Together with the keep and the hall building, it is the oldest component from the second quarter of the 14th century. The extensive outer bailey in the south and east of the complex comes from a later construction phase from the years 1538–1550.

Keep
View of the hall from the keep
Interior view of the bakery with noticeably soot-blackened walls
Northern outside of the main castle ( from left to right ): New bower (under the keep), old building and bakehouse with Renaissance gable and stair tower

Core castle

The core of the Ronneburg contains the oldest buildings in the castle. The quarry stone defensive wall of the inner castle does not contain any Romanesque elements. It probably belongs to the second quarter of the 14th century. The circular wall enclosed the rectangular core castle. In the west it was reinforced in the earliest construction phase by the hall building, in the east by the keep and the top gate, which all belong to this first phase of construction.

In the late 14th century, the hall building was rebuilt by adding a chapel bay window. At the same time it was surrounded with a kennel and the gate at the later fountain house was built. In a further construction phase in the 15th century, the core castle was extended to the north so that the buildings in the north wing (Backhaus, Alter Bau and Neue Kemenate) are in the former moat. The northern defensive wall was integrated as a courtyard facade and the building was added to the outside for the construction of the later so-called “old building”.

The most important renovations in the main castle were made during the period of use as a residence and thus during the Renaissance , mainly in the years around 1540. Renewed renovations around 1570 (new residential building, Zinzendorf building) and from 1576 (helmet of the keep).

Keep

The 32 meter high keep has a round floor plan with a diameter of just over eight meters. Its masonry, which is uniform up to the helmet , probably belongs to the earliest construction phase. In the thinner masonry of the spacious hall on the fourth floor, the remains of a staircase set into the wall show that it already belongs to the Renaissance helmet. The original entrance can be seen on the courtyard side on the third floor at a height of about ten meters as a pointed arched gate. The two floors below served as a dungeon and were only accessible from above via a fear hole in the vault. The current windows were installed in 1581. The wall was broken through to install it when one wanted to use these floors for residential purposes. A new side entrance was created as early as the 15th century through an attached stair tower with a spiral staircase. The 57-step spiral staircase inside the keep therefore only begins on the third floor and starts over a three-armed arch, as the former hole to the dungeon apparently did not want to be built up yet.

The castle's striking renaissance helmet was built between 1576 and 1581 and was designed by the builder Joris Robin from Ypres . Above the closed fifth floor there is a walkway at a height of 25 meters with a balustrade . The walkway is interrupted in the four main directions by a porch with small gables , through which it is led. The two top floors can now be reached via a wooden staircase. The dome made of ashlars above closes in a lantern . The renaissance helmet of the Ronneburg keep is based on Italian dome lanterns of that time and is one of the most remarkable renaissance architectures in Hesse.

Hall construction

The so-called hall building (also called Palas ) is located on the west side of the core castle and is essentially one of the original buildings of the castle. The current building has a floor area of ​​25 × 11.5 m and takes up the full width of the western core castle. On its south side, the battlement of the upper gate connects seamlessly. The stair tower placed in the middle in front of the building above the basement neck is a 15th century addition. The roofing of the basement access with half-timbered room dates back to 1555. On the facade facing the courtyard, to the left of the stair tower on the upper floor, a polygonal bay window made of sandstone blocks with cross-frame windows is noticeable. It was created in the last third of the 14th century when a Gothic chapel was set up there, the apse of which he formed. In addition to a vaulted cellar , as well as larger living and courtyard rooms , the building contains a castle kitchen, which was only installed there in the Renaissance. Previously, the ground floor contained a larger hall that was converted into a smaller hall with a kitchen. Half-timbered walls from the 15th century are preserved in the middle floor. The upper floor had to be renewed on a large scale after the fire damage of 1621, which is why only the stone architectural parts still contain medieval substance.

Castle chapel in the hall

  • View of today's castle chapel on the upper floor of the hall building

  • Detailed view of the chapel bay window

  • inside view

Bakehouse

Immediately north of the hall building in the corner between this and the old building is the baking house. It has a stately Renaissance gable on the outside and dates from the 16th century. The shell tower of the late medieval Zwinger, which adjoins the outer corner , was expanded as a stair tower when the building was expanded.

Old construction

The old building occupies the area between the bay window of the New Kemenate to the east, the hall building and the bakery. The core of the building probably dates from the 15th century. A portal on the courtyard side bears the year 1572. There are only three Renaissance windows on the courtyard side, which were probably added later. On the field side with the presumably older masonry, a covered loopholes from the mid-16th century and a walled-up light niche for a toilet can be seen .

New bower

On the courtyard side, the representatively designed facade of the New Kemenate with the two art-historically valuable oriels
Inner archway of the fourth gatehouse with the oldest parts of the castle
Bay window on Zinzendorfbau with the coat of arms of Count Heinrich von Ysenburg-Ronneburg and his first wife Maria von Rappoltstein

With the wedding of Count Heinrich von Ysenburg-Ronneburg and Countess Elisabeth von Gleichen-Tonna in 1572, the Ronneburg no longer met the representative and residential needs of a count's residence. The couple therefore had the Neue Kemenate (more rarely: new residential building) built on the northeast side of the main castle from 1573 . On the courtyard side, the building contains the defensive wall from the 14th century with recognizable very thick masonry and under the left bay window a portal from 1537, which leads into the pharmacy.

The stately four-storey building is 32.5 meters long and not quite nine meters wide. The facade facing the courtyard is structured by two high bay windows, one of which is designed as a standing bay window . On the left bay window, the tracery on the two main floors and the builders' coats of arms in the basement are striking. On the right bay window there are mirror cubes that are carefully decorated with a checkerboard pattern. They represent an outstanding example of Renaissance stonemasonry. Due to the fire of 1621, the top floor of the bay window, which today bears a sundial, is not original. The portal with the coats of arms of Ysenburg and von Gleichen is located between the two bay windows, next to it is the foundation stone with an inscription from 1573.

The Neue Kemenate contains a pharmacy on the ground floor, which is already mentioned in older inventories . The floors above with the bay windows contain larger living quarters, which on the first floor extend from the courtyard bay window to the outer bay window. The room is spanned by two ribbed vaults with floral motifs. The room on the second floor has the same dimensions, but is decorated with elaborate figural wall paintings ( Christophorus , David and Goliath , Solomon's Judgment , Cain and Abel ). Between these predominantly Old Testament scenes there is a Renaissance castle landscape that goes back to printed master sheets from the 15th century. The inscription on the wall "FRID IS BETTER THAN WAR DIWEIL UNGEWIS IS THE SIG" is also remarkable.

The use of the individual floors is largely known from inventories: Count Heinrich's apartment was on the first floor, and that of his wife and other relatives on the second floor. Further living quarters were located on the third floor, which, however, has not been preserved in its original form due to the fire of 1621. Each floor had a toilet at the transition to the old building. Each apartment consisted of a heated room and a bedroom.

Interior views of the new bower

  • Middle mansion on the first floor of the New Kemenate

  • Painted oriel vault on the 2nd floor

  • Wall inscription

Zinzendorfbau (fourth gatehouse)

All building eras of the castle can be found at the Zinzendorf building and the integrated innermost gatehouse. The outer archway from 1570 sits on corner blocks from the 14th century. The passage is spanned by a groin vault with remains of the Renaissance painting. The inner archway to the castle courtyard is dated 1541, but also has late medieval side walls, the fighters of which are possibly among the oldest parts of the castle. Today's Zinzendorf building was built in 1570 in place of an older gatehouse and was only given its name in the 20th century. Perhaps the vault above the gate passage originally supported a basement-like defense platform .

On the courtyard side, the building has a richly decorated bay window with tracery, for which there are very similar examples in Büdingen . The coat of arms of Count Heinrich von Ysenburg-Ronneburg and his first wife Maria von Rappoltstein is framed in the tracery of the window parapet. On the neighboring staircase there is a foundation stone with the year "1570".

The upper floor of the building above the gatehouse is completely taken up by a hall that has been used as the New Church by the local religious community since the 18th century (named after Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf as the Zinzendorfsaal). Originally it was probably a larger living space from the construction period in 1570. It has a rectangular, Gothic-style vaulted bay window with rib vaults towards the courtyard and on the outside.

Brunnenhaus (Third Gatehouse)

Castle fountain

The core of the third gate building is likely to date from the 14th century, when another gate was placed in front of the main castle. The contour of the original gate can still be seen in the former moat on the north side. The simply profiled pointed arch of the gate dates from the late 15th century. The coat of arms stone above the gate was added later in 1523, whereby an older window was abandoned. Originally, the pulling device for a drawbridge must have been above the gate . The vault located above the gate passage today was added later. The nature of the ramp leading to the gate (renewed in 1565) also indicates a drawbridge. The sturdy masonry extends up to about two and a half meters in front of the gate, a masonry connection was obviously used later.

To the southwest of the gate, the passage is flanked by a strong round tower. For the construction of the gate, part of its masonry was removed, which indicates that the tower must also be older than the current gate system and was adapted to it when the gate was rebuilt. When the gatehouse to the north was converted into a well house in the 16th century, the guardroom was moved to the ground floor of this tower.

Numerous renovations were also carried out on the fountain house to the north of the gateway. Initially designed as a guardroom for the gate, a triangular bay was added to the north of the gate in 1529. The year can also be found at the entrance to the guard room. In 1550 the triangular porch north of the gate was worked off to connect a battlement. Also in the middle of the 16th century, when the progress of mining technology made it possible to build such wells, the castle well was added to the guard house of the gate. You enter the well room from the gate passage. The upper layers of the 96-meter-deep well are made of cuboids with pincer holes and stonemason's marks. The water surface is at a depth of 84 m, whereby the well originally had a depth of 125 m. Behind the fountain is the wooden wheel from the 16th century that was operated by humans. Part of the masonry and the entire false ceiling to the former upper floor of the guard room had to be removed when it was installed.

Second gatehouse (today the museum ticket office) with the coat of arms of Count Philipp von Ysenburg-Büdingen and his wife Amalie von Rieneck and the year 1527

Second gatehouse

The outermost gate of the main castle consists of a pointed arched gate with a small, single-storey gatehouse and is now used as a museum ticket office. Above the gate is a coat of arms stone of Count Philipp von Ysenburg-Büdingen and his wife Amalie von Rieneck with the year 1527.

View along the Marstall (field side) to the southwest
Exterior view of the outer gatehouse

Kennel

In the late 14th or early 15th century, the hall building was surrounded in the south and west with a kennel . It originally had three semicircular shell towers, of which the northern one was later added to in order to obtain a stair tower for the bakery. The original third gatehouse was built at the same time as the Zwinger.

Outer bailey

The extensive outer bailey is in front of the core bailey in the east and south. It was built during the use of the Ronneburg as a residence between 1538 and 1555. The northern part of the outer bailey represents the main attack side. The high quarry stone wall has in places a well-preserved parapet walkway with alternating covered and open loopholes, of which the former allowed Fight enemies down at the base of the wall. Also worth seeing are a triangular oriel near the gate, a pointed arched exit gate (dated 1540) to the right of the cyngel , a toilet bay and the subsequent connection of the outer bailey to the inner bailey . A footpath around the castle allows these structural features to be viewed from the outside.

Stables

Due to its size and location, the elongated stables look like the main building of the outer bailey. Two ogival portals with inscriptions from 1549 and 1551 indicate the original construction time of the building. The original upper floor was removed after 1838 (sale for demolition) and only added in 1964. Accordingly, there is a historical impression of the building fabric only on the ground floor, where plaster remains have been preserved. Today the Marstall contains the castle gastronomy.

Band house

The band house is located in the middle of the outer bailey. Today it only has one storey, but contains a larger vaulted cellar. The building served as a wine warehouse. Barbara von Wertheim laid the foundation stone in 1554, and another stone on the basement neck bears the year "1555". The original upper floor fell victim to the fire of 1621, was restored in 1654 and sold for demolition in 1870. The current, quite flat roof dates from 1905. A monument next to the building commemorates Peter Nieß, who made a significant contribution to the research and preservation of the Ronneburg.

First gatehouse

In the past, the outer castle gate clearly towered over the wall of the outer bailey with two upper floors. The upper floors with renaissance gable were demolished in 1870, a staircase can still be seen at the transition to the stables. The outside ogival gate (Wappenstein with the year "1538") did not have a drawbridge. On the outside, plaster remains have been preserved over the basalt stone masonry. Only individual garments were made of sandstone, including two loopholes to the left and right of the gate. The gate (left gate wing dated 1539) with wooden rotating wings, slip gate, iron fittings and a decorative lock is remarkable. On the courtyard side there is a wider arch with the year "1539".

The adjoining rooms are accessible from the gate passage, including the guard room to the southeast. A spiral staircase led from there to the previously existing upper floors. The passages have arched portals and the year "1542" is carved into the passage to the guard room. The arched window frames are unusual for the 16th century.

Exterior view of the Zyngel with the fortification tower, on it muzzle grooves to flank the wall

Fortification towers of the outer bailey: Zyngel, Hexenturm, southwest tower

The northern area of ​​the outer bailey is specially secured. Originally the access road to the castle was located there - at the level of today's parking lot. The top of the defensive wall is occupied by a tower that is round on the outside and is now called Zyngel . Originally this name probably referred to the entire curtain wall. The tower has loopholes for hook rifles and smaller guns, with which the flanks could also be coated. The year "1540" on the exit gate next to the tower suggests that the entire wall section with the tower was built during this time.

The name "Hexenturm" has been used since 1599 for the tower stump of the high fortification of the outer bailey that adjoins the stables to the southwest, because a woman accused of witchcraft was imprisoned there that year . The year of construction on a pointed arched portal in the basement and a loopholes on the outside date the construction time to the years 1550 and 1549. Only the basement of the semicircular tower on the outside served as a prison. Above it carries a defensive platform, on which one can see the actual height of the outer bailey wall and the different types of loopholes.

South-west tower of the outer bailey with spiral staircase and battlement of the bailey wall

A round tower was built between 1546 and 1549 to protect the south-western corner of the outer bailey. A pointed arch portal dates back to 1548, and in 1549 the adjoining wall (western wall of the outer bailey) was completed. The foundation stone from 1546 was subsequently embedded in the upper floor. It bears the inscription "Do disz wall was started, Count Jorg sets out the first stone, of August keeps eighteenth, fifteen hundred six vitzih zalt - 1546". The spiral staircase on the outside of the tower was only added in 1905 with the reused steps of a staircase from the bakery.

Todays use

The castle now houses a castle museum , a restaurant and a falconry . The outer bailey with the gastronomy is freely accessible during the day. The main castle is used as a museum (ticket office and museum shop in the second gate building). The 32 meter high keep of the castle can be climbed and offers a view of a few kilometers from the surrounding observation platform , on which two telescopes are attached, and even as far as Frankfurt in good weather .

Sights and activities around the castle

Christmas market inspired by the Middle Ages
  • The “Friends of Ronneburg” support group organizes numerous jousting games and medieval markets .
  • There are regular archery seminars in which historical and prehistoric bows are recreated and basic knowledge of instinctive archery is imparted.
  • The steep side slopes of the basalt cone offer an excellent practice area for paragliders .
  • There is a dense network of marked hiking trails around the castle .
  • A youth education center of the same name (Ronneburg Youth Center) is in the immediate vicinity.
  • There were two cemeteries for the residents of the Ronneburg. The Jewish deceased were buried in the Altwiedermus Jewish cemetery in the valley. A cemetery for the Christian residents was laid out on the access road in modern times.
  • To the south-east of the castle is a larger basalt quarry at Steinkopf , from which a large part of the building material for the Ronneburg probably comes.

literature

  • Elmar Brohl : Fortresses in Hessen. Published by the German Society for Fortress Research eV, Wesel, Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2013 (=  German Fortresses  2), ISBN 978-3-7954-2534-0 , pp. 153–158.
  • Klaus-Peter Decker, Georg Ulrich Großmann : The Ronneburg (= castles, palaces and defensive structures in Central Europe. Volume 6). 3. Edition. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-7954-1879-3 .
  • Stefan Grathoff: Archbishop's castles of Mainz: Acquisition and function of lordship using the example of the Archbishops of Mainz in the High and Late Middle Ages. Steiner, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-515-08240-9 , especially p. 86.
  • Rolf Müller (Ed.): Palaces, castles, old walls. Published by the Hessendienst der Staatskanzlei, Wiesbaden 1990, ISBN 3-89214-017-0 , pp. 298-300.
  • Burkhard Kling: The Ronneburg (= large architectural monuments . Issue 471). Munich / Berlin 1993.
  • Rudolf Knappe: Medieval castles in Hessen. 800 castles, castle ruins and fortifications. 3. Edition. Wartberg-Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-228-6 , p. 359f.
  • Uta Löwenstein: County of Hanau. In: Knights, Counts and Princes - secular dominions in the Hessian area approx. 900–1806. (= Handbook of Hessian History. Volume 3; = Publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse. Volume 63). Historical Commission for Hesse, Marburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-942225-17-5 , pp. 197-230.
  • Hans Philippi : Territorial history of the county of Büdingen. (= Writings of the Hessian Office for Historical Regional Studies. Volume 23). Elwert, Marburg 1954, esp. Pp. 69-72 and 148-151.
  • Rupert Reiter: The "most beautiful" time of the Ronneburg. In: Monument Preservation and Cultural History. 1/2006, p. 32f.
  • A sanctuary of faith . In: The Gazebo . Issue 11, 1867, pp. 162-174 ( full text [ Wikisource ]).

Web links

Commons : Burg Ronneburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ On the Ronneburg hill country see Peter Prinz-Grimm and Ingeborg Grimm: Wetterau and Mainebene. (= Collection of geological guides. Volume 93). Borntraeger, Berlin / Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-443-15076-4 , especially p. 7; Alfred Pletsch: Hessen. (= Scientific regional customers. Volume 8; = Federal Republic of Germany and Berlin (West). Volume 3). Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1989, ISBN 3-534-06206-X , pp. 41-46, especially p. 43.
  2. ^ Hans Philippi : Territorial history of the county of Büdingen. (= Writings of the Hessian Office for Historical Regional Studies. Item 23). Elwert, Marburg 1954, DNB 453767303 , esp.p. 72.
  3. ^ Heinrich Reimer : Hessisches Urkundenbuch. Section 2, document book on the history of the Lords of Hanau and the former province of Hanau. Volume 1: 767-1300. (= Publications from the royal Prussian state archives. 48). Hirzel, Leipzig 1891, No. 338; Johann Friedrich Böhmer , Friedrich Lau: Codex diplomaticus Moenofrancofurtanus = document book of the imperial city of Frankfurt. Volume 1: 794-1314. Unchangeable Reprint of the Frankfurt 1901 edition. Baer, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1970, DNB 458493694 , p. 120.
  4. ^ After Karl Ernst Demandt : The final battle of the Hohenstaufen imperial family in the Rhine-Main area. In: Hessisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte. 7, 1957, pp. 102-164.
  5. ↑ Angela Metzner: Reichslandpolitik, aristocracy and castles - studies on the Wetterau in the Staufer time. In: Büdinger history sheets. 21, 2008/2009, pp. 48 and 58 with further sources.
  6. ↑ Peter Nieß: The Ronneburg. A princely Ysenburg castle and its building history. Braubach 1936, p. 21f.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g Klaus-Peter Decker, Georg Ulrich Großmann: The Ronneburg. Regensburg 2014, p. 18f.
  8. ^ Hans Philippi: Territorial history of the county of Büdingen. (= Writings of the Hessian Office for Historical Regional Studies. Volume 23). Elwert, Marburg 1954, especially pp. 69-72.
  9. ↑ Angela Metzner: Reichslandpolitik, aristocracy and castles - studies on the Wetterau in the Staufer time. In: Büdinger history sheets. 21, 2008/2009, p. 124.
  10. ↑ a b Uta Löwenstein: County Hanau. In: Knights, Counts and Princes - secular dominions in the Hessian area approx. 900–1806. Marburg 2014, p. 209.
  11. ↑ Bernhard Peter: Gallery - Photos of beautiful old coats of arms No. 1078 - Ronneburg (Main-Kinzig-Kreis, Hessen)
  12. ↑ a b Burkhard Kling: The Ronneburg. (=  Great Architectural Monuments. Issue 471). Munich / Berlin 1993, p. 3.
  13. ↑ a b c Burkhard Kling: The Ronneburg. (=  Great Architectural Monuments. Issue 471). Munich / Berlin 1993, p. 16.
  14. ^ Hans Philippi: Territorial history of the county of Büdingen. (= Writings of the Hessian Office for Historical Regional Studies. Volume 23). Elwert, Marburg 1954, especially p. 151.
  15. ^ Burkhard Kling: The Ronneburg. (=  Great Architectural Monuments. Issue 471). Munich / Berlin 1993, p. 4.
  16. ^ Matthias Graf: Herrnhuter in Hessen. The Herrnhaag in the county of Büdingen. Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 3-631-54560-6 (=  Mainzer Studies on Modern History 18 ).
  17. ^ Klaus-Peter Decker, Georg Ulrich Grossmann: The Ronneburg. Regensburg 2014, p. 16f.
  18. ^ Heinrich Wagner: Art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Upper Hesse province, Büdingen district. Darmstadt 1890.
  19. ↑ Peter Nieß: The Ronneburg. A princely Ysenburg castle and its building history. Braubach 1936.
  20. ^ Klaus-Peter Decker, Georg Ulrich Grossmann: The Ronneburg. Regensburg 2014, p. 17.
  21. ↑ a b c Numbers after Burkhard Kling: Die Ronneburg. (=  Great Architectural Monuments. Issue 471). Munich / Berlin 1993, p. 8.
  22. ↑ a b Klaus-Peter Decker, Georg Ulrich Großmann: The Ronneburg. Regensburg 2014, pp. 40–42.
  23. ↑ For the bay window see Burkhard Kling: Der Kapellenerker der Ronneburg. In: Hartmut Hofrichter (Hrsg.): The castle: a cultural-historical phenomenon. Special issue of the magazine Burgen und Schlösser . (=  Publications of the German Castle Association. Series B, Writings 2). Theiss, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8062-1134-5 , pp. 55-59.
  24. ^ Klaus-Peter Decker, Georg Ulrich Grossmann: The Ronneburg. Regensburg 2014, pp. 48–55.
  25. ↑ a b Klaus-Peter Decker, Georg Ulrich Großmann: The Ronneburg. Regensburg 2014, p. 46.
  26. ↑ a b Klaus-Peter Decker, Georg Ulrich Großmann: The Ronneburg. Regensburg 2014, p. 44f.
  27. ^ Klaus-Peter Decker, Georg Ulrich Grossmann: The Ronneburg. Regensburg 2014, pp. 56–59; Rupert Reiter: The "most beautiful" time of the Ronneburg. In: Monument Preservation and Cultural History. 1/2006, p. 32f.
  28. ↑ a b schloesser.gnm.de
  29. ^ Burkhard Kling: The Ronneburg. (=  Great Architectural Monuments. Issue 471). Munich / Berlin 1993, p. 8.
  30. ↑ a b Klaus-Peter Decker, Georg Ulrich Großmann: The Ronneburg. Regensburg 2014, pp. 35–38.
  31. ^ A b c Klaus-Peter Decker, Georg Ulrich Großmann: The Ronneburg. Regensburg 2014, pp. 28–32.
  32. ^ According to Klaus-Peter Decker, Georg Ulrich Großmann: Die Ronneburg. Regensburg 2014, pp. 28–32; older depictions date the castle fountain to the construction time of the castle due to stonemasons on sandstones of the brick fountain shell, see Burkhard Kling: Die Ronneburg. (=  Great Architectural Monuments. Issue 471). Munich / Berlin 1993, p. 8f.
  33. ↑ a b Klaus-Peter Decker, Georg Ulrich Großmann: The Ronneburg. Regensburg 2014, p. 28.
  34. ^ Klaus-Peter Decker, Georg Ulrich Grossmann: The Ronneburg. Regensburg 2014, p. 61.
  35. ↑ a b c d Klaus-Peter Decker, Georg Ulrich Großmann: The Ronneburg. Regensburg 2014, pp. 22-25.
  36. ^ A b c Klaus-Peter Decker, Georg Ulrich Großmann: The Ronneburg. Regensburg 2014, p. 26f.
  37. ^ Burkhard Kling: The Ronneburg. (=  Great Architectural Monuments. Issue 471). Munich / Berlin 1993, p. 14.
  38. ^ Paul Arnsberg : The Jewish communities in Hesse. Beginning - fall - new beginning. Volume I, published by the regional association of Jewish communities in Hesse, Societäts-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1972, ISBN 3-7973-0213-4 , p. 38f.
  39. ↑ Peter Nieß: The Ronneburg. A princely Ysenburg castle and its building history. Braubach 1936, p. 22.
This article was added to the list of excellent articles in this version on October 6, 2016 .