Burgschell

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Burgschell
Alternative name (s): Bürgel Castle, Lampenhain Castle
Creation time : Early medieval
Castle type : Höhenburg, spur location
Conservation status: Burgstall, Halsgraben
Standing position : Lower nobility
Place: Heiligkreuzsteinach - Lampenhain
Geographical location 49 ° 30 '0.3 "  N , 8 ° 46' 2.8"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 30 '0.3 "  N , 8 ° 46' 2.8"  E
Height: 430  m above sea level NN
Burgschell (Baden-Württemberg)
Burgschell

Burgschell , also known as Burg Bürgel or Burg Lampenhain , is a defunct high-medieval hilltop and cleared castle on a mountain ridge in the Lampenhain area between Lampenhain and Bärsbach , today's districts of the municipality Heiligkreuzsteinach in the Rhein-Neckar district in Baden-Württemberg .

location

The remains of the castle lie on a ridge-like spur of a slightly higher mountain in the south-west of the Odenwald, protruding into the valley, in a slightly dominant position in order to protect and control the then emerging Waldhufendorfer in this region.

history

Due to its less fertile and hardly populated valleys, the southwestern Odenwald is considered to be a late clearing area of the 12th century. This area was settled on behalf of the Lords of Strahlberg , with their nearby ancestral castle of Strahlenburg near Schriesheim , although the landscape was actually common land of mountain road villages and especially of the town of Ladenburg . It was not until 1315 that the Bishop of Worms , Emmerich von Schöneck , as sovereign, was able to contractually renounce the establishment of further settlements. The Strahlberger had to offer their clearing as a fief to the Worms bishops. Lamp grove at the foot of the Burgschell is one of the earliest villages in the south-western Odenwald . The Burgschell is considered to be the predecessor of the Waldeck Castle, which is about two kilometers south-east . According to Thomas Steinmetz , both castles, as well as the nearby Harfenburg, are the only clear clearing castles in the Odenwald.

When exactly the Burgschell was built cannot be decided without archaeological studies and written sources. An early end or abandonment of the Burgschell can be assumed: Waldeck Castle was mentioned in a document as early as 1301 in which Sophie von Strahlberg and her sons granted the Palatinate the right to open and advance sales for their castles - but Burgschell no longer occurs ; perhaps due to the clearing activity that continues further into the Odenwald interior.

Since hardly any stone remains were found apart from a presumed stone tower, it is currently assumed that the castle was only built of wood.

description

The artificially created castle plateau, about 50 meters above the valley floodplain, with a diameter of about 11 by 15 meters is located at 430  m above sea level. NN at the highest point of the mountain and was protected by massive wooden palisades and an 8 meter wide and 2 meter deep neck ditch , which is partially still preserved.

The castle complex with a core castle and a bailey on a 1 meter lower 11 by 18 meter area probably had a multi-storey wooden tower that served as accommodation and for defense in the event of attacks. The entrance was probably secured by a wooden gate with a gate tower .

On the southern mountain slope there is a path up to the castle made of granite stones , which was probably used to transport drinking water to the castle. The actual access to the castle site is from the north via the ridge of the mountain that runs out in this direction.

literature

  • The city of Heidelberg and the districts of Heidelberg and Mannheim , Karlsruhe 1966, p. 198
  • Thomas Steinmetz: Small castles and castle stables in the Odenwald - The castle bell near Lampenhain . In: Odenwald-Heimat , 1981/11 (monthly supplement to the Odenwälder Heimatzeitung)

Web links

  • Lamp grove , description of the location on www.leo-bw.de
  • Burgschell , private website about the castle and its history

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Entry on Burg Bürgel / Burgschell in the private database "Alle Burgen". Retrieved September 17, 2019.
  2. ^ The urban and rural districts of Heidelberg and Mannheim: official district description , Volume 2, Kommissionsverlag G. Braun, 1968, pp. 592 and 594
  3. ↑ a b c Entry on Burgschell in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute, accessed on September 18, 2019.
  4. ^ The urban and rural districts of Heidelberg and Mannheim: official district description , Volume 2, Kommissionsverlag G. Braun, 1968, p. 595
  5. ^ Hans-Günther, Jürgen Morr: Burgschell. In: morr-siedelsbrunn.de. Retrieved September 18, 2019 .