Einsiedeln

Einsiedeln, 1981-2010
Climate diagram
	Temperature in ° C , precipitation in mm
	Source:

Einsiedeln

State :	Switzerland Switzerland
Canton :	Canton of Schwyz Schwyz (SZ)
District :	Einsiedelnw
BFS no. :	1301i1 f3 f4
Postal code :	8836 Biberbrugg 8836 Bennau 8840 Einsiedeln 8840 Trachslau 8841 Gross 8844 Euthal 8846 Willerzell 8847 Egg
UN / LOCODE :	CH ESD
Coordinates :	698 969 / 220496 coordinates: 47 ° 7 '41 " N , 8 ° 44' 35" O ; CH1903: six hundred ninety-eight thousand nine hundred sixty-nine / 22049647.128055 8.743058 882
Height :	882 m above sea level M.
Height range :	783–1614 m above sea level M.
Area :	98.93 km²
Residents:	i15,870 (December 31, 2018)
Population density :	160 inhabitants per km²
Proportion of foreigners : (residents without citizenship )	14.5% (December 31, 2,015)
Website:	www.einsiedeln.ch
Main street with town hall and monastery square (2009)
Location of the municipality
w

Einsiedeln (in most alemannischen local dialect Äinsidlä [æɪnˌsɪdlæ] , in the near and dialektal also Äisele, Näisele, Äisidle, Näisidle, Äisigle [æɪsələ næɪsələ æɪˌsɪdlə næɪˌsɪdlə æɪˌsɪglə] , Romansh Nossadunaun ^?^/^I ) is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Schwyz . It is identical to the district of the same name .

Einsiedeln is known for the Einsiedeln Monastery , the most important baroque building in Switzerland with the Chapel of Mercy and a figure of the Black Madonna , which is highly regarded among Catholics. The monastery is a stage on the Way of St. James .

geography

The municipality of Einsiedeln is made up of the village of Einsiedeln and the six localities (districts) Bennau , Egg , Willerzell , Euthal , Gross and Trachslau . Einsiedeln shares the village of Biberbrugg with the municipality of Feusisberg .

Einsiedeln itself, the most popular place of pilgrimage in Switzerland, is located south of Lake Zurich on a plateau (approx. 880 m above sea level ).

Climate table

Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Einsiedeln, 1981–2010

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C )	2.0	2.9	6.4	10.2	15.2	18.2	20.7	20.0	16.0	12.2	6.3	2.7	O	11.1
Min. Temperature (° C)	−5.8	−5.6	-2.1	1.5	6.0	9.3	11.5	11.1	7.8	4.3	-0.3	−4.2	O	2.8
Temperature (° C)	−2.1	-1.5	1.9	5.7	10.4	13.6	15.8	15.3	11.7	7.8	2.3	-0.9	O	6.7

Precipitation ( mm )	108	108	142	130	166	196	211	198	156	116	127	131	Σ	1,789

Rainy days ( d )	12.2	11.5	14.9	13.2	14.6	14.9	14.3	13.5	11.9	10.4	11.9	13.4	Σ	156.7

Humidity ( % )	85	83	80	77	77	77	76	78	82	84	86	86	O	80.9

Source:

population

Hermit population by religion / denomination - Jan 1, 2013

Roman Catholic			71.68%
evangelical reformed			10.33%
Christian Orthodox			2.23%
Muslim			3.35%
Hindu			0.62%
other religion / christl. Denomination			1.42%
no information or no denomination			10.36%

Einsiedeln is the second largest municipality in the canton of Schwyz. On January 10, 2017, the municipality had 15,033 inhabitants (12,997 Swiss, 2,249 foreigners - proportion of foreigners: 14.96%). 9,540 people lived in the village of Einsiedeln, 1,356 people in the Gross district, 1,196 people in Bennau lived 1,074 people in Trachslau , 941 people in Willerzell , 603 people in Euthal and 527 people in Egg . Between 2010 and 2013 the population grew by 3.4%. In 2013, 21.5% of the population were between 0 and 19 years old, 61.5% were between 20 and 44 years old, and 17.0% were 65 years or older.

Einsiedeln is still strongly Catholic today. Until a few decades ago, almost the entire population was Roman Catholic. Above all, the high level of immigration from other Swiss cantons and abroad has led to a rapid increase in other confessional groups in Einsiedeln.

history

Einsiedeln Monastery

St. Gangulf's Chapel

Einsiedeln (still without Sihlsee), historical aerial photo from September 28, 1934, taken by Walter Mittelholzer

The Way of St. James over the Etzel Pass to Einsiedeln on a historical illustration

Ried landscape on the north bank of the Sihlsee, in the background Birchli at the foot of the Friherrenberg, on the right monastery Einsiedeln and Mythen

Sankt Meinrad on a wood engraving

Vogelherd viewpoint with a view of the Sihlsee (2009)

View from the northeast of Einsiedeln (2009)

Einsiedeln Abbey and Einsiedeln village and ski jumps

Johee the Brotauswerfen in Einsiedeln

The high valley was visited by nomadic hunters around 12,000 years ago. Numerous finds from the Stone Age and the Bronze Age have been found in recent years. But at that time there were probably no permanent settlements in this area.

The pilgrimage site of Maria Einsiedeln (in the dark forest) is closely linked to the life of St. Meinrad . In the year 835 he is said to have built a hermitage and a chapel at the place where the Chapel of Mercy now stands in the monastery church in order to serve God in the hermitage (hence the place name Einsiedeln ). According to legend, Meinrad was killed by two tramps in 861. As a result, two ravens are said to have pursued the murderers and brought them to justice. For this reason, two ravens are depicted on the Einsiedeln coat of arms.

The March dispute with the Schwyzers, which led to the Battle of Morgarten (1315), lasted for 250 years . The monastery lost around half of its territory to the Schwyz. Various fires devastated the monastery and village several times. In 1798 the French plundered the monastery and destroyed valuable facilities.

The foundation of the Benedictine abbey dates back to 934. From the early days of the abbey there are a large number of well-preserved and well-documented neumen manuscripts that are of great importance for the restitution of Gregorian chant ( Codex Einsidlensis 121 ). In 1065 twelve monks from Einsiedeln founded a subsidiary monastery in Hirsau .

The baroque monastery was built from 1674 to 1735 in three stages according to the plans of Caspar Moosbrugger . The frescoes and stucco work inside are the work of the Asam brothers . The ceiling fresco is the largest in Switzerland.

The pilgrimage site is on the Way of St. James and in the past was an important gathering place for pilgrims to Santiago de Compostela . The Way of St. James reaches Einsiedeln from the Zurich Oberland over the Etzel Pass , where the St. Meinrad Chapel is also located. St. Gangulf's Chapel, built in 1030 just before Einsiedeln, is also on the pilgrimage route and is the oldest preserved building in the high valley.

Einsiedeln is the hometown of various Yenic families. However, the Einsiedeln authorities refused to cooperate with the Kinder der Landstrasse aid organization , which stole children from Yenish families from 1926 to 1973. A Yenish pilgrimage has taken place every year since 1999.

politics

In the 2019 National Council elections, the voting shares in Einsiedeln were: SVP 33.7%, CVP 25.7%, FDP 19.8%, SP 13.2%, glp 4.6%, GPS 2.6%.

tourism

Einsiedeln is not only a well-known place of pilgrimage, but also a winter sports destination. The village's own ski lifts, the Schwedentritt cross-country ski run and the nearby alpine ski resorts of Hoch-Ybrig and Brunni ( Alpthal ) characterize Einsiedeln.

The Einsiedler ski jumps were completed in summer 2005 and on 12./13. Officially inaugurated August 2005 on the occasion of the FIS Summer Grand Prix Einsiedeln 2005 .

The nearby Sihlsee , a reservoir on the Sihl , invites you to swim, surf or sail in summer, and in winter it is often free for ice skaters. It supplies electricity to the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) through the Einsiedeln company “ Etzelwerk AG” and protects the nearby, lower-lying Zurich from flooding from the Sihl, which used to regularly plague the Zurich workers' and industrial districts when the snow melted.

According to the company, the Bethlehem diorama is the largest nativity scene in the world. The museum was opened in 1954 and shows 450 hand-carved and oriental-clad figures on 80 m² of sculpted Bethlehem landscape. Most of the figures come from the South Tyrolean nativity scene carver Ferdinand Pöttmesser.

The pilgrims do not find as many pilgrims as they did in the past centuries in the monastery village. Associated with this is the structural adjustment in the hotel industry that is now slowly becoming apparent. At the same time, Einsiedeln is experiencing an upswing in day tourism thanks to its mostly fog-free location and the beautiful pre-Alpine landscape. Due to the high quality of life, the population is currently growing much faster than the national average.

Partnerships

Einsiedeln joined the “ Shrines of Europe ” collaboration in 2017 as the seventh member . The partnership was founded in 1996 with six other Marian shrines :

Germany	Altötting ( Germany )
Portugal	Fátima ( Portugal )
Italy	Loreto ( Italy )
France	Lourdes ( France )
Austria	Mariazell ( Austria )
Poland	Czestochowa ( Poland ; Polish Częstochowa)

traffic

Einsiedeln has the Einsiedeln train station, a terminus of the Swiss Southeast Railway (SOB) in the middle of the village center. The station is part of the Schwyz tariff association . The station is served by the Zurich S-Bahn with lines S13 and S40. Both lines run every half hour. In Biberbrugg you have a connection to the Voralpenexpress , the S31 and buses to the canton capital Schwyz . Postbuses also run from the train station directly to the districts (localities in the district) and the Einsiedeln local bus runs in the village.

Culture

Every few years an open-air theater takes place in front of the monastery facade - the "Great World Theater" by Pedro Calderón de la Barca (playing period 1924 to 1992) or the "Einsiedler Welttheater" by Thomas Hürlimann (playing period since 2000). This is organized by the World Theater Society Einsiedeln. After the great success of 2007, the next performance is planned for 2013 under the direction of Beat Fäh in a version by author Tim Krohn . In addition to the monastery library, a new library was built by the architect Mario Botta on the initiative of Werner Oechslin , which deals exclusively with architecture - supported by the Werner Oechslin Library Foundation .

Also known is the Carnival , which is deeply rooted and has its origins in Alemannic customs. At the same time, influences from Tyrol and Venice can also be felt. Traditional highlights include the Sühudiumzug and the carnival procession of the "Güdelmontag" ( Rose Monday ) and the more than one hundred years at the "Güdelzischtig" (Tuesday after Carnival Monday) held Brotauswerfen . In addition to the Einsiedler Tüfel , the Johee , the Mummerie , the Hörelibajass , the Ustrichler (see Tryelte ), the Domino and the Sühudi can also be traced for a long time.

The club and traditional life is very pronounced in Einsiedeln. There are far more than 100 clubs, from rifle clubs to music clubs, trade associations and various sports clubs. The Einsiedeln volleyball club, whose men's team will play in the National League A for the first time in 2013/2014, is particularly well known. Then there are the Einsiedeln wrestling team, a long-time NLB club in multiple battles for promotion to the NLA, and the Einsiedeln handball club, whose men's 1 plays in the first division for the first time in the 2013/2014 season.

Personalities

Meinrad von Einsiedeln (around 797–861), hermit and saint of the Catholic Church (patron of Einsiedeln)
Huldrych Zwingli (1484–1531), reformer, pastor and pilgrim supervisor in Einsiedeln from 1516 to 1519
Theophrast von Hohenheim (1493–1541), Paracelsus, doctor and alchemist
Augustin Hofmann (1556–1629), Benedictine priest and prince abbot of Einsiedeln, born in Einsiedeln
Meinrad Guggenbichler (1649–1723), baroque sculptor
Johann Baptist Carl Benziger (1719–1802), founder of the graphic companies of the same name (publisher, printer, book trade)
Bonaventura II. Lacher (1738–1789), abbot of the Rheinau monastery 1775–1789
Marian Herzog (1758–1828), Benedictine priest, pastor of Einsiedeln
Paolo Ghiringhelli (1778–1861), Benedictine, publicist and governor
Albert Kuhn (1839–1929), art historian, capitular of the Maria-Einsiedeln Abbey and professor of art history, worked and died in Einsiedeln
Alois Benziger (actually Adelrich Benziger) (1864–1942), Archbishop in Kerala, India
Meinrad Lienert (1865–1933), dialect writer
Karl Kälin (1870–1950), Jesuit and writer
Hermann Beul (1878–1918) painter
Artur Beul (1915-2010), song composer
Josef Richard Kaelin (1918–1993), inventor, film producer and artist
Martin Beeler (1920–2008), Kapellmeister
Joachim Salzgeber (1926–2012), Benedictine brother and author of numerous works
Daniel Keel (1930–2011), publisher
Richard Schönbächler (* 1933), director, entrepreneur, storyteller
Anton von Euw (1934–2009), art historian
Lee Scratch Perry (* 1936), music producer from Jamaica
Othmar Keel (* 1937), Roman Catholic theologian
Alois "Wisel" Kälin (* 1939), cross-country skier
Werner Oechslin (* 1944), architectural historian, art historian and author
Tatjana Hauptmann (* 1950), German illustrator and author.
Alois Gmür (* 1955), National Councilor
Marcel Fässler (* 1976), DTM racing driver
Andreas Küttel (* 1979), ski jumper
Amy Baserga (* 2000), biathlete

Demographic development

The population of Einsiedeln was just over 10,000 in 1970 (10,020). From 1980 to the present day the number of inhabitants increased to over 15,000. This development is likely mainly due to people moving to the greater Zurich region, as apartment rents and land prices have been relatively cheap for a long time. However, due to the strongly positive net migration, these have also increased in recent years.

literature

Linus Birchler : The art monuments of the canton Schwyz, Volume I: The districts of Einsiedeln, Höfe and March. (= Swiss art monuments. Volume 1). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1927.
Anja Buschow Oechslin, Werner Oechslin: The art monuments of the canton Schwyz. New edition III.I. Einsiedeln I. The Benedictine monastery Einsiedeln. (= Art Monuments of Switzerland. Volume 100). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 2003. ISBN 3-906131-74-2 .
Anja Buschow Oechslin, Werner Oechslin: The art monuments of the canton Schwyz. New edition III.II. Einsiedeln II. Einsiedeln village and district. (= Art Monuments of Switzerland. Volume 101) Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 2003. ISBN 3-906131-75-0 .
Georg Holzherr [former abbot]; Franz-Josef Stiele-Werdermann and Damian Rutishauser (photos): Einsiedeln. In: Große Kunstführer, Volume 141, 2nd, completely revised edition. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2005. ISBN 978-3-7954-1756-7 .
Andreas Meyerhans: Einsiedeln. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
Andreas Meyerhans: Egg (SZ). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
Andreas Meyerhans: Euthal. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
Andreas Meyerhans: Great. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .

Web links

Commons : Einsiedeln - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Einsiedeln - travel guide

Individual evidence

↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .

↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated May 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sz.ch
^ Linguistic Atlas of German-speaking Switzerland , Volume V, Map 1b.
↑ Schweizerisches Idiotikon , Volume I, Column 352, Article Eisele , Volume IV, Column 814, Article Neisele ⁿ and Volume VII, Column 303, Article Ein-sid (e) len . The Idiotikon occupies Äisele for Lucerne, Schwyz (Arth, March), Solothurn, Zug and older widespread in general, Näisele for Lucerne, St. Gallen (Amden, Toggenburg), Schwyz, Zürcher Oberland (Fischenthal) and the South Walser (Pomatt, Gurin) , Äisidle as common, Näisidle for Obertoggenburg and Äisigle for Appenzell, St. Gallen (Berg), Schaffhausen, Thurgau and the Zurich Oberland.
↑ Climate table. In: meteoschweiz.admin.ch. meteoschweiz, accessed on April 8, 2018 .
↑ ^a ^b 2013 bill - Einsiedeln district. (PDF) Einsiedeln district, accessed on September 24, 2015 .
↑ Regional portraits 2015: Municipalities. (No longer available online.) FSO, archived from the original on July 30, 2012 ; accessed on November 7, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Theo von Däniken: Road to Unfortunate
^ Federal Statistical Office : NR - Results parties (municipalities) (INT1). In: Federal Elections 2019 | opendata.swiss. August 8, 2019, accessed August 1, 2020 .
↑ Brief description of the crib in the Bethlehem diorama on the museum's website (diorama.ch)
↑ Diorama Bethlehem on museums.ch
↑ schwyzkultur: From exceptional contemporaries. Retrieved July 30, 2019 .

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[1] Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .