European bird sanctuary Altfriedland pond and lake area

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The European bird sanctuary Altfriedländer Teich- und Seengebiet (also: European bird sanctuary Altfriedländer Teiche , European bird sanctuary Kietzer See ) is part of the European bird sanctuary (SPA) Märkische Schweiz around Altfriedland in the district of Märkisch-Oderland , Brandenburg .

The sub-area protected under the EU Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds includes the Klostersee , some smaller lakes southwest of the Klostersee and, as a central component, the Kietzer See with its pond landscape on around 700 hectares . The area is located in the northeast corner of the Märkische Schweiz nature park and is the most important water bird breeding, resting and migration area in the nature park . For avifauna include birds such as kingfishers , sea and fish eagle or black stork and very rare in the fall, resting Limikolenarten . The common tern colony is one of the most important of the endangered species in Brandenburg. In autumn, the lakes provide resting places for up to 30,000 gray and white geese that migrate through .

Kietzer See with natural breeding islands

Natural location and pond landscape

→ Main article: Kietzer See

Rest of the fen area west of the Kietzer See and Stobbers

The bird sanctuary is located on the western edge of the Oderbruch at the northeast exit of the Vistula glacial Buckower Rinne (also: Löcknitz - Stobber Rinne ), which separates the Barnimplatte from the Lebuser Platte . The central Kietzer Lake had in 1751, immediately prior to the amelioration of the Oderbruch, an area of about 154  hectares . After the draining of the break silted up the lake and was in 1938 no longer exploited because of its shallow depth. In the 1960s that was fen area by diking and damming of Stobbers in the fish farms of Altfriedländer ponds reshaped. Including the seven Karlsforfer ponds to the southwest , nineteen shallow ponds were created with a total of 280 hectares of usable pond area. However, the parcelling remained unfinished, so that the largest artificial pond in Brandenburg, the maximum one meter deep Kietzer See, remained with an area of ​​around 200 hectares. The reconstruction of the landscape and the fishery use of the ponds led to a fundamental change in the avifauna and the formation of secondary habitats . A bird-watching tower on the Stobber, which has been channeled around the ponds close to the west and east banks since the lake was renovated, offers a view of the water landscape and the bird life.

Avifauna

Before the formation of the marshy meadows around Lake Kietzer See, meadow harriers , snipes and whorls brooded , refuges for numerous new animal and plant species formed in the secondary areas. The Kietzer See is a valuable substitute habitat in a human landscape due to its size, the near-natural shore zones and pronounced reed belts as well as its importance above all for the bird world, but also for numerous insect and amphibian species. For breeding birds, there are natural and, since 1999, two artificial breeding islands made up of disused pontoons that have been prepared with gravel, grass flats and shelter in the Kietzer See . - All information in the following sections on the endangerment levels of birds in Brandenburg are taken from the Red List of Endangered Species as of 2003, see literature .

Limikolen (plover-like)

Common tern while feeding a cub
The threatened in Brandenburg extinction Goosander
Seagulls in the Kietzer See

The wading birds find ideal feeding conditions in the muddy areas of the ponds. When the ponds have been fished in autumn and the water has been drained, around 150 hectares of mud surfaces are temporarily available for the birds that walk and poke their beaks in the ground. In November, collections of up to 3,000 (other information: 4,500) resting lapwing were observed. The bird of the year 1996 is strictly protected in Germany according to § 10 Abs. 2 Nr. 11 BNatSchG and classified in the Red List of Brandenburg as an endangered species . Also represented are ringed plover and lapwing plover as well as the little ringed plover , protected in Brandenburg , the bird of the year 1993. In 2000, observers counted 600 breeding pairs of the black-headed gull, which is currently safe . There are also stocks of the white-headed gull and the most common great gull in Europe, the herring gull . On November 1, 2002, the lake landscape formed one of the few Central European inland breeding grounds for the steppe gull (10 breeding pairs). The Mediterranean seagull , which is also rather rare in this region , has been identified with isolated breeding pairs.

From the family of the tern there are nests of the common tern , which is endangered in Brandenburg , but whose population is subject to fluctuations over several years; the nature park administration gives 60 breeding pairs without reference to time. The Black Tern , which is threatened with extinction in Germany (Red List Cat. 1), but only endangered in Brandenburg and usually breeding in colonies , was identified in May 2003 with 58 breeding pairs. The predatory tern, which is also threatened with extinction in Germany, also brooded with four pairs in the protected area in June 2000. The birds with the strong red beak usually have their European breeding colonies on the northeast coast of the Baltic Sea and overwinter mainly in West Africa and on the coasts of the Mediterranean. In addition, snipe birds such as around twenty pairs of wood sandpipers have been documented, which until the 1950s breeding almost exclusively east of the Oder and are still listed as extremely rare in Brandenburg . Furthermore, there were ten breeding pairs of the curlew in September 2010 - the bird of 1982 had lost many suitable Central European breeding areas during the 19th century due to the drainage of bog areas. The Dunlin , of which there were fewer than forty breeding pairs in Germany at the beginning of the 21st century, was also observed in October 2004 with 18 pairs.

Goose birds and grebes

Under geese birds and their family Ducks dominate gray geese , mallards and in Brandenburg endangered teals , whose population in 2002 was around 800 and 2004 at around 600 animals. The holdings of the equally endangered Shoveler increased from 105 animals in 2000 to nearly 300 animals in 2004. In the winter and spring of regional large accumulations of can wigeon , pochard ( early warning ) and in Brandenburg endangered geese sawyers are observed. As a cave-breeder , the goosander finds the necessary tree hollows for his reproduction in the forests and remaining marshland of the protected area. In October and November in particular, up to 30,000 spotted geese and white-fronted geese rest in the water system .

: Also appeared on the waters, partly isolated Pink-footed Goose , Lesser White , Barnacle Goose , Red-breasted Goose , Egyptian Goose , Pochard , Tufted Duck , Mute Swan and Tundra Swan . The grebes include various breeding pairs of the great crested grebe , the bird of the year 2001, as well as the black-necked grebe, which is threatened with extinction (9 pairs in 2000). This diver builds his nest so that it floats on the water and can be seen carrying the young on his back for the first few weeks.

Other birds

In the bank zones of the waters, passerine birds such as the reed warbler , bag tit and bearded tit, which are endangered in Brandenburg , are characteristic breeding birds. Sheep wagtails and sand martins have been observed occasionally . The endangered sand martin, bird of the year 1983, is often only dependent on short-term soil movements such as topsoil and finds substitute habitats such as clay and gravel pits in the cultural landscape. Other winter guests are mountain hangflies and, as part-pullers, mountain pipits with their characteristic dark gray, sometimes dark gray-brown legs and toes.

Other rare bird species such as kingfisher , sea eagle and osprey or black and white stork are at home in the bird sanctuary. Another bird of prey was encountered with the hawk , which is listed in the advance warning level in Brandenburg . The gray heron population was around 340 animals in October 2000 and had dropped to around 180 by October 2003. The cormorant colony consisted of around 250 birds in October 2000. Like the otters that are once again native to the area and are threatened with extinction , the cormorants are not welcomed by fisheries as people's supposed food competitors.

Nature protection and maintenance measures

The European bird sanctuary Altfriedländer pond and lake area is like any European bird sanctuary part of the pan-European ecological network and coherent network of protected areas Natura 2000. . The provisions of the EU Birds Directive are implemented in close cooperation between the nature park administration and the local fishermen, fishing companies and other land users; the fishery use of the waters is compatible with nature conservation . Various projects have been started or have already been implemented to safeguard the existing biodiversity and improve the habitat conditions of endangered and supraregional important bird species.

Artificial brood island in the Kietzer See
  • This includes maintenance and development measures [...], such as improving the habitat conditions for common terns, ducks, gray geese, lapwing and little ringed plover through maintenance measures in selected areas and the optimization of water level regulation.
  • For example, in cooperation with the fishermen and under professional supervision by the association 'Ornithology and Bird Protection Märkische Schweiz e. V. ' the care of the breeding islands annually. Corresponding measures are u. a. Financed from the funds of the contractual nature conservation of the nature park administration or the state agency for large protected areas . In 1999, two artificial breeding islands were also built. For this purpose, disused pontoons, which the fishermen made available, were prepared with gravel, grass fleece and shelter. In addition, ramps were installed to enable the flightless young birds to walk on the islands.
  • To aid nesting , an annual mowing takes place in winter when there is ice on some of the natural floating reed islands of the Kietzer See, which then serve as breeding grounds for black-headed gulls, common terns and other species. In addition, nest boxes for ducks are installed and maintained.

According to the requirements of the Limikolen poking in the mud, the pond operators regulate the water levels during migration in consultation with the ornithologists . The annual inventory of the breeding pairs is also part of the protection and care measures. Since the breeding colony of the common tern (50 to 100 nest pairs per year) is one of the most important colonies of the species in the state of Brandenburg, their behavior and numbers are monitored separately by means of bird ringing.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : European bird sanctuary Altfriedländer pond and lake area  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Claus Dalchow, Joachim Kiesel: The Oder reaches into the Elbe region - tension and predetermined breaking points between two river regions (PDF; 2.9 MB). In: Brandenburg Geoscientific Contributions , Ed .: State Office for Mining, Geology and Raw Materials Brandenburg, Kleinmachnow Issue 1/2 2005, p. 81, ISSN  0947-1995 .
  2. ^ LAG Märkische Schweiz e. V .: Natural area Märkische Schweiz.
  3. ↑ Antje Jakupi, pp. 11, 21, 136.
  4. ↑ a b c Nature Park Märkische Schweiz, Nature Park Administration: Ponds as substitute habitats .
  5. ↑ a b Naturschutzbund Deutschland, RV Strausberg-Märkische Schweiz: Altfriedländer Teiche, origin .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / nabu.maerkische-schweiz.com  
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g ABBOA. Bird watching in Berlin and Brandenburg online. ( Memento from August 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Enter "Altfriedländer" in the search field.
  7. ↑ a b c Jörg Hoffmann, Andreas Koszinski et al., P. 100f.
  8. ↑ a b Nature Park Märkische Schweiz, Nature Park Administration: European bird sanctuary Altfriedländer Teiche .
  9. ↑ Svensson, Grant, Mullarney, Zetterström: Kosmos-Vogelführer, Kosmos Vlg. 1999, p. 188
  10. ↑ Hans-Günther Bauer, Einhard Bezzel , Wolfgang Fiedler (eds.): The compendium of birds in Central Europe: Everything about biology, endangerment and protection. Volume 1: Nonpasseriformes - non-sparrow birds. Aula-Verlag Wiebelsheim, Wiesbaden 2005, p. 541, ISBN 3-89104-647-2 .
  11. ↑ Naturschutzbund Germany, RV Strausberg-Märkische Schweiz: Altfriedländer Teiche .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / nabu.maerkische-schweiz.com  
  12. ↑ Jürgen Klawitter, Rainer Altenkamp u. a .: Red list and total species list of mammals (Mammalia) from Berlin. (PDF; 203 kB) Processing status: December 2003. In: The State Commissioner for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management / Senate Department for Urban Development (ed.): Red lists of endangered plants and animals in Berlin . P. 6. Note: The Berlin list also contains the information for Brandenburg.
  13. ↑ A big fish show . In: Märkische Oderzeitung (MOZ), November 16, 2009.
  14. ↑ Jörg Hoffmann, Andreas Koszinski et al., P. 103.
  15. ↑ a b Ornithology and Bird Protection Märkische Schweiz e. V .: Development concept and supervision of Altfriedland ponds . ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.vogelschutz-maerkische-schweiz.de

Coordinates: 52 ° 37 ′ 11 ″  N , 14 ° 12 ′ 35 ″  E